sarat

letter

sarat (pl. sarati given) noun "letter", any individual significant mark, used of the letters of Rúmil after the invention of Fëanor's tengwar (WJ:396). Cf. sarmë.

tengwa

letter

tengwa (pl. tengwar is attested) (1) noun "letter" Tengwa (ñ) is defined as "any one visible sign representing (theoretically) any one audible teñgwe" (phoneme) (VT39:17). In non-technical usage tengwa was equivalent to "consonant", since only the consonants were full signs (WJ:396, TEK). In the Etymologies, tengwa was apparently emended from tengwë (VT46:17).

tenna

noun. letter (epistola)

Changes

• tenna → tenna “a letter, sign” ✧ PE19/086

Derivations

• ✶teknā “a letter (epistola)” ✧ PE19/086
  • √TEK “make a written mark, sign, write, make a written mark, sign, write, [ᴹ√] write or draw (signs or letters)” ✧ PE19/086

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶teknā > tenna	[teknā] > [tegnā] > [teŋnā] > [teŋna] > [tenna]	✧ PE19/086

Variations

• tenna ✧ PE19/086 (tenna); PE19/086 (tenna)

tengwa

noun. sign

sign, indicator, letter

narwë

sign, token

[narwë (and short nar, unless this is an incomplete form) noun "sign, token"] (VT45:37)

tanna

sign, token

tanna (1) noun "sign, token" (MR:385, PE17:186), also tanwa (PE17:186)

tanwa

sign, token

tanwa noun "sign, token" (Tolkien marked this word with a query, but it is not clearly rejected). Also tanna (#1). (PE17:186)

taina

sign

#taina (2) noun "sign", isolated from Tainacolli *"Sign-bearer" MR:385

tenca

noun. letter (epistola)

Cognates

• ᴺS. tain “letter, epistle, missive”

Derivations

• ✶teknā “a letter (epistola)”
  • √TEK “make a written mark, sign, write, make a written mark, sign, write, [ᴹ√] write or draw (signs or letters)” ✧ PE19/086

tew

letter

(dew), pl1. tiw _ n. _letter. tew << têw; tiw << tîw. >> téw

têw

noun. letter

Changes

• têw → tew ✧ PE17/044
• tîw → tiw ✧ PE17/044
• tēw → tew ✧ PE17/044

Cognates

• Q. tengwa “(written) letter; sign, token, indicator, (written) letter; sign, token, indicator; [ᴹQ.] writing, grammar” ✧ LotR/1117; PE17/043; PE17/044; PE17/044; PE17/044; PE17/122; PE17/122; WJ/396

Derivations

• ✶tekmā “letter” ✧ PE17/043; PE17/043; PE17/044; PE17/044; PE17/044
  • √TEK “make a written mark, sign, write, make a written mark, sign, write, [ᴹ√] write or draw (signs or letters)” ✧ PE17/043; PE17/044
• ✶teñwā “letter, sign, token” ✧ PE17/044; PE17/044; PE22/149
  • √TEÑ “indicate, signify, show, represent, betoken, mark, to point at, indicate, signify, show, represent, betoken, mark, to point at; [ᴱ√] know, understand” ✧ PE17/044; PE17/044; PE17/044; PE19/097; PE22/149

Element in

• S. Celebrimbor o Eregion teithant i thiw hin “Celebrimbor of Hollin drew these signs” ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/044

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶tekmā > tegmā > teŋw > tēw	[tekmā] > [tegmā] > [tegma] > [teŋma] > [teŋwa] > [tēwa] > [tēw]	✧ PE17/043
✶tekmāi > tekmī > tiŋw > tīw	[tekmāi] > [tekmī] > [tegmī] > [tegmi] > [teŋmi] > [tiŋmi] > [tiŋwi] > [tīwi] > [tīw]	✧ PE17/043
✶tek-mā > tew	[tekmā] > [tegmā] > [tegma] > [teŋma] > [teŋwa] > [tēwa] > [tēw]	✧ PE17/044
✶teñwa > teiw > tew	[teŋwa] > [tēwa] > [tēw]	✧ PE17/044
✶tekma > teŋ̃ma > tēw	[tekmā] > [tegmā] > [tegma] > [teŋma] > [teŋwa] > [tēwa] > [tēw]	✧ PE17/044
✶teñmi > tiñm(i) > tîw	[tekmī] > [tegmī] > [tegmi] > [teŋmi] > [tiŋmi] > [tiŋwi] > [tīwi] > [tīw]	✧ PE17/044
✶teñwa > tēwa > tēw	[teŋwa] > [tēwa] > [tēw]	✧ PE17/044
✶teŋmā > teŋwā > tēwa > tîw	[teŋmā] > [teŋma] > [teŋwa] > [tēwa] > [tīwa] > [tīw]	✧ PE22/149

Variations

• tēw ✧ PE17/043; PE17/044; PE17/044 (tēw); PE17/044; PE17/044; PE17/122
• tew ✧ PE17/044; PE17/044
• tîw ✧ PE17/044 (tîw); PE22/149

tîw

noun. *letter

têw

noun. letter, written sign

taen

noun. sign

têw

letter

têw (i dêw, o thêw, construct tew) (sign, tengwa), pl. tîw (i **thîw), coll. pl. téwath**

têw

letter

(i dêw, o thêw, construct tew) (sign, tengwa), pl. tîw (i thîw), coll. pl. téwath

tain

noun. letter, epistle, missive

@@@ by Röandil from Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) on 2023-04-09

Cognates

• ᴺQ. tenca “letter (epistola)”

Derivations

• ✶teknā “a letter (epistola)”
  • √TEK “make a written mark, sign, write, make a written mark, sign, write, [ᴹ√] write or draw (signs or letters)” ✧ PE19/086

têw

sign

(i dêw, o thêw, construct tew) (letter, tengwa), pl. tîw (i thîw), coll. pl. téwath

tann

sign

1) (etymologically ”something shown/indicated”) tann (i dann), construct tan, pl. tain (i thain) (MR:185); 2) têw (i dêw, o thêw, construct tew) (letter, tengwa), pl. tîw (i **thîw), coll. pl. téwath**;

tann

sign

(i dann), construct tan, pl. tain (i thain)** **(MR:185)

tekmā

noun. letter

Changes

• tek-mā → teñwa ✧ PE17/044

Derivations

• √TEK “make a written mark, sign, write, make a written mark, sign, write, [ᴹ√] write or draw (signs or letters)” ✧ PE17/043; PE17/044

Derivatives

• Q. tengwa “(written) letter; sign, token, indicator, (written) letter; sign, token, indicator; [ᴹQ.] writing, grammar” ✧ PE17/043; PE17/044; PE18/104
• S. têw “letter” ✧ PE17/043; PE17/043; PE17/044; PE17/044; PE17/044

Variations

• tek-mā ✧ PE17/044 (tek-mā)
• tekma ✧ PE17/044; PE18/104

teñwā

noun. letter, sign, token

Derivations

• √TEÑ “indicate, signify, show, represent, betoken, mark, to point at, indicate, signify, show, represent, betoken, mark, to point at; [ᴱ√] know, understand” ✧ PE17/044; PE17/044; PE17/044; PE19/097; PE22/149

Derivatives

• Q. tengwa “(written) letter; sign, token, indicator, (written) letter; sign, token, indicator; [ᴹQ.] writing, grammar” ✧ PE17/044; PE17/044; PE17/044; PE19/097; PE22/149
• S. têw “letter” ✧ PE17/044; PE17/044; PE22/149

Variations

• teñwa ✧ PE17/044; PE17/044
• teñma ✧ PE17/044
• teñ-wā ✧ PE19/097
• teŋmā ✧ PE22/149

tew

noun. letter

@@@ tîw (Ety/TEK) appears to be plural, but is clearly glossed as singular “letter” with primitive form tekmē

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tengwa “letter; writing, grammar” ✧ Ety/TEK; PE22/031
• On. tegma “letter” ✧ PE22/031

Derivations

• ᴹ✶tekmē “letter, symbol, writing” ✧ Ety/TEK
  • ᴹ√TEK “write or draw (signs or letters), make a mark” ✧ Ety/TEK
• On. tegma “letter” ✧ PE22/031
  • ᴹ✶tekmā “writing, grammar”
  • ᴹ√TEK “write or draw (signs or letters), make a mark” ✧ Ety/TEK; PE19/043

Element in

• N. Celebrimbor o Eregion teithant i thíw thin “Celebrimbor of Hollin drew these signs” ✧ TI/182
• N. tiwdi “alphabet”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶tekmē > tîw	[tekmē] > [tegmē] > [tegme] > [teŋme] > [teime] > [tīme] > [tīm] > [tīv] > [tīw]	✧ Ety/TEK
On. tegma > teiw > tew	[tegma] > [teŋma] > [teima] > [teim] > [teiv] > [teiw] > [tew]	✧ PE22/031

Variations

• tîw ✧ Ety/TEK

tîw

noun. letter

gammas

noun. s-sign (special sign used to mark a final -s in Tengwar)