hyapat
shoe
patinca
noun. slipper, shoe
Derivations
- √PAT “*step, walk”
habad
noun. shoe
habad (i chabad, o chabad), pl. hebaid (i chebaid). Archaic pl. hebeid (LR:386).
In the Etymologies as printed in The Lost Road this word was glossed ‘shore’ and this has been adopted by Fauskanger in Parviphith. However this was a misreading of ‘shoe’ in the manuscript, confirmed in Lambengolmor/735.
khyapat-
noun. shoe
s(a)yap
root. *shoe
Derivatives
habad
noun. shoe
The meaning "shore" in Ety/386 should actually read "shoe", see VT/Errata and Lambengolmor/735. Compare also with Early Qenya hyapa (PE/13:41) and Gnomish habin (PE/11:47), both glossed as "shoe"
habad
noun. shoe
A word for “shoe” in The Etymologies of the late 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶skyapat- under the root ᴹ√SKYAP (Ety/SKYAP). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, the gloss was “shore” (LR/386), but Vinyar Tengwar Errata confirmed the actual gloss was “shoe” (VTE for issue 46). The Old Noldorin form was ON. skhapa with the early loss of final t, but in modern Noldorin it seems the -d < -t was restored via the plural N. hebeid, which in Sindarin would be ✱hebaid since ei became ai in final syllables for Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. habin “shoe” derived from {ᴱ√sı̯ap >>} ᴱ√χı̯ap, appearing above G. habach “a big shoe, clog, sabot” of similar derivation (GL/47). Elsewhere in the document, Tolkien compared G. saib “boot” derived from ᴱ√SAYAP to (unglossed) hab (GL/66).
Cognates
- ᴹQ. hyapat “shoe” ✧ Ety/SKYAP
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources On. skhapa > habad [sxapat] > [xapat] > [xapad] > [xabad] > [habad] ✧ Ety/SKYAP On. skhapa > hebeid [sxapati] > [xapati] > [xepeti] > [xepeit] > [xepeid] > [xebeid] > [hebeid] ✧ Ety/SKYAP
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
hyapat
noun. shoe
A word for “shoe” in The Etymologies of the late 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶skyapat- under the root ᴹ√SKYAP (Ety/SKYAP). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, the gloss was “shore” (LR/386), but Vinyar Tengwar Errata confirmed the actual gloss was “shoe” (VTE for issue 46).
Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. hyapa “shoe” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SAYAPA (QL/82) and in the contemporaneous Qenya Phonology where it was derived from ᴱ√saẏap- (PE12/26). The word hyapa “shoe” reappeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/144) and again in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/8).
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶skyapat- > hyapat [skjapat] > [xjapat] > [j̊apat] ✧ Ety/SKYAP
skhapa
noun. shoe
Cognates
- ᴹQ. hyapat “shoe” ✧ Ety/SKYAP
Derivations
Derivatives
- N. habad “shoe” ✧ Ety/SKYAP
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶skyapat- > skhapa [skjapatǝ] > [skjapat] > [skjapa] > [skapa] > [sxapa] ✧ Ety/SKYAP
skyap
root. *shoe
This root appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as unglossed ᴱ√SAYAPA (QL/82), also given as ᴱ√SAYAP in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/66) and saẏap- in The Qenya Phonology (PE12/26), where the ẏ likely represented an ancient palatal spirants [ç] or [ʝ] (PE12/15-16). In this period it had derivatives like ᴱQ. hyapa/G. hab(in) “shoe” and ᴱQ. saipo/G. saib “boot” (QL/41, 82; GL/47, 66), with the shoe-words derived from ᴱ✶χı̯ap- [çap-?] after the loss of the first of the a’s (GL/47). The word hyapa “shoe” reappeared in Early Qenya Word-lists from the 1920s (PE16/144) and the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/8).
This root appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as unglossed ᴹ√SKYAP with extended form ᴹ✶skyapat- “shoe” and derivatives ᴹQ. hyapat/N. habad of the same meaning (Ety/SKYAP). This extended form was incorrectly glossed “shore” by Christopher Tolkien in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road (LR/386), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne corrected this to “shoe” in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/14).
In red-ink revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s Tolkien decided that the initial combination sky- was not possible (PE19/78 and note #51). For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, this root might be salvaged by assuming its actual form was ᴺ√S(A)YAP, which would also allow the restoration of the 1910s words for “boot”.
Derivatives
skyapat-
noun. shoe
Derivations
- ᴹ√SKYAP “*shoe” ✧ Ety/SKYAP
Derivatives
habin
noun. shoe
Cognates
- Eq. hyapa “shoe”
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶χı̯ap > habin [sjapin] > [xapin] > [hapin] > [habin] ✧ GL/47 Variations
- hab ✧ GL/66
sayapa
root. *shoe
Derivatives
Variations
- SAYAP ✧ GL/66
- saẏap- ✧ PE12/026
hyapa
noun. shoe
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√saẏap- > hyapa [sjapā] > [sjapa] > [j̊apa] ✧ PE12/026
patinka
noun. shoe, slipper
A word appearing as ᴱQ. patinka “shoe, slipper” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√PATA with derivatives having to do with rapping, tapping and clatter (QL/72).
Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writing √PAT seems to have meant “step” or “walk”, but I think ᴺQ. patinca can still be derived from this later sense, perhaps as a combination with the diminutive suffix ✶-inki (= “little-stepper”). However, I would use patinca only for “slipper”, and for “shoe” I would use ᴹQ. hyapat (Ety/SKYAP).
Derivations
- ᴱ√PATA “*rap, tap” ✧ QL/072
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√PATA¹ > patinka [patiŋkā] > [patiŋka] ✧ QL/072
hyapat noun "shoe" (SKYAP; in the Etymologies as printed in LR the gloss appears as "shore", but according to www.elvish.org this was a misreading of Tolkien's manuscript)