ango

snake

ango noun "snake"; stem angu- as in angulócë (q.v.); pl. angwi (ANGWA/ANGU)

leuca

snake

leuca (1) noun "snake" (Appendix E)

leuca

noun. snake

The best known Quenya word for “snake”, appearing in Appendix E of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1115). In 1964 notes on Dalath Dirnen (DD), Tolkien said it was derived from the root √LEWEK “worm” (PE17/160).

Cognates

• S. lŷg “snake” ✧ LotR/1115; PE17/121; PE17/160

Derivations

• √LEWEK “worm” ✧ PE17/160

Element in

• ᴺQ. lingwileuca “eel”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√LEWEK > leuka	[leuka]	✧ PE17/160

Variations

• leuka ✧ PE17/160

hlócë

snake, serpent

hlócë ("k")noun "snake, serpent", later lócë ("k")(SA:lok-)

lócë

noun. snake, serpent

hlócë

noun. reptile, snake, serpant, worm, reptile, snake, serpant, worm, *lizard; [ᴹQ.] dragon

A noun in Quenya Notes from 1957 (QN) with variants hlóke and lóke based on primitive ✶(s)lōkō “reptile, snake, worm” from the root √LOK “bend, loop”, so presumably having a similar meaning (PE17/160). Christopher Tolkien also had (h)lóke in The Silmarillion appendix, but gave it the glosses “snake, serpent” (SA/lok). Its Sindarin cognate lhûg points towards a Quenya form hlócë.

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. lóke (lóki-) “snake” appeared all the way back in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√LOKO “twine, twist, curl” (QL/55). It was also mentioned with the gloss “snake” in the Official Name List for the Lost Tales (PE13/105) and the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin (PE15/28). It appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon as related to G. ulug “dragon” (GL/74), and in The Lost Tales proper lóke was given as the “the Eldar name [of] the worms of Melko”, that is dragons (LT1/85).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s, Tolkien glossed ᴹQ. lóke as “dragon” under the root ᴹ√LOK “great serpent, dragon” along with Noldorin cognate N. lhûg (Ety/LOK). It was followed by an -ī in parenthesis, indicating a primitive form of ✱lōkī and a stem form of lóki-. Tolkien’s vacillation on its 1957 form was probably out of a desire to retain lhûg as the Sindarin form. In Noldorin of the 1930s an initial l was unvoiced to lh, but this was no longer true of Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s, so Sindarin lhûg required a corresponding Quenya form of hlócë.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I recommend sticking with hlócë. Furthermore, since this Quenya word cannot be derived directly from ✶(s)lōkō, I would assume a primitive form slōkī and a stem form hlóci- compatible with its earlier appearances. Given the breadth of its glosses, I would assume the word can apply to any sinuous reptilian creature with or without legs, including lizards, snakes and dragons.

Cognates

• S. lhûg “reptile, snake, serpent, worm, reptile, snake, serpent, worm, *lizard; [N.] dragon” ✧ PE17/160; SA/lok

Derivations

• ✶(s)lōkō “reptile, snake, worm” ✧ PE17/160
  • √LOK “bend, loop, bend, loop, [ᴱ√] twine, twist, curl; [ᴹ√] great serpent, dragon” ✧ PE17/160
• √LOK “bend, loop, bend, loop, [ᴱ√] twine, twist, curl; [ᴹ√] great serpent, dragon” ✧ SA/lok

Element in

• Q. föalócë “*breath-dragon”
• Q. urulócë “fire-serpent, fire-drake, fire-serpent, fire-drake, [ᴹQ.] fire-dragon” ✧ SA/lok

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶(s)lōkō > hlóke	[slōke] > [l̥ōke]	✧ PE17/160
√lok- > (h)lókë	[slōke] > [l̥ōke]	✧ SA/lok

Variations

• hlóke ✧ PE17/160
• lóke ✧ PE17/160
• (h)lókë ✧ SA/lok

lócë

dragon, snake, serpent, drake

lócë ("k")noun "dragon, snake, serpent, drake", older hlócë _("k")(SA:lok-, LT2:340, LOK; in the Etymologies the word is followed by "-ī", whatever that is supposed to mean)_

angulócë

dragon

angulócë noun("k") "dragon" (LOK)

ango

noun. dragon

lanco

throat, swallow

lanco ("k")noun "throat, swallow" _(LAK1 , LANK). _Since this was changed by Tolkien from lango with stem *langu- and pl. langwi, it may be that lanco* should similarly have the stem lancu**- and pl. *lanqui.

lango

throat

[lango (3) noun "throat"] (Tolkien also listed the plural form langwi_; in the _Etymologies as printed in LR, Christopher Tolkien improperly prefixed an asterisk as if it were an primitive or wrong form; see VT45:26. This indicates that lango has the stem-form *langu-. Compare ango "snake", stem #angu-, pl. angwi. But whatever the case, lango was changed to lanco.) (LANG, see LANK)

fenumë

dragon

fenumë noun "dragon" (LT2:341 but lócë is the normal word in LotR-style Quenya)

langon

throat

langon noun "throat" (MC:216; this is "Qenya", possibly an inflected form of lango #2 above but Tolkien changed it to lanco)

leweg

noun. snake

_ n. _snake.

lýg

noun. snake

_ n. Zoo. _snake. Q. leuka.

lŷg

noun. snake

lŷg

noun. snake

The best known Sindarin word for “snake”, appearing in Appendix E of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1115). In 1964 notes on Dalath Dirnen (DD), Tolkien said it was derived from the root √LEWEK “worm” (PE17/160), likely from ✱leukā where the ancient eu became ȳ as was usual in Sindarin (LotR/1115).

Cognates

• Q. leuca “snake” ✧ LotR/1115; PE17/121; PE17/160

Derivations

• √LEWEK “worm” ✧ PE17/160

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√LEWEK > lýg	[leukā] > [leuka] > [liuka] > [lȳka] > [lȳk] > [lȳg]	✧ PE17/160

Variations

• lýg ✧ PE17/160

lhûg

noun. snake, serpent

lhûg

noun. reptile, snake, serpent, worm, reptile, snake, serpent, worm, *lizard; [N.] dragon

A noun in Quenya Notes from 1957 (QN) derived from primitive ✶(s)lōkō “reptile, snake, worm” based on the root √LOK “bend, loop”, so presumably having a similar meaning (PE17/160). Christopher Tolkien also had lhûg in The Silmarillion appendix, but gave it the glosses “snake, serpent” (SA/lok).

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien had G. ulug “dragon” (GL/74), and in the contemporaneous Official Name List for the Lost Tales and the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin he had G. lug or lûg “snake” (PE13/105; PE15/28). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, Tolkien had N. lhûg “dragon” under the root ᴹ√LOK “great serpent, dragon” (Ety/LOK), where initial l was unvoiced to lh as was usual in Nodorin. This was no longer true of Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s, so Sindarin lhûg required a primitive from ✶slōk- and a corresponding Quenya form of hlócë.

Neo-Sindarin: Given the breadth of its glosses, I would assume this word can apply to any sinuous reptilian creature with or without legs, including lizards, snakes and dragons.

Cognates

• Q. hlócë “reptile, snake, serpant, worm, reptile, snake, serpant, worm, *lizard; [ᴹQ.] dragon” ✧ PE17/160; SA/lok

Derivations

• ✶(s)lōkō “reptile, snake, worm” ✧ PE17/160
  • √LOK “bend, loop, bend, loop, [ᴱ√] twine, twist, curl; [ᴹ√] great serpent, dragon” ✧ PE17/160
• √LOK “bend, loop, bend, loop, [ᴱ√] twine, twist, curl; [ᴹ√] great serpent, dragon” ✧ SA/lok

Element in

• ᴺS. budhulug “dragonfly”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶(s)lōkō > lhûg	[slōkō] > [slōko] > [l̥ōko] > [l̥ūko] > [l̥ūk] > [l̥ūg]	✧ PE17/160

lanc

noun. throat

limlug

noun. fish-dragon, sea-serpent

lŷg

snake

1) lŷg (constuct lyg), no distinct pl. form. 2) lhûg (construct lhug, with article ?i thlûg or ?i lûg the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (dragon, serpent), pl. lhuig (?i luig). See SERPENT.

limlug

fish-dragon

(sea serpent), pl. limlyg

lanc

throat

lanc (neck), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

lanc

throat

(neck), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

lhûg

dragon

lhûg (construct lhug; with article ?i thlûg or ?i lûg the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (snake, serpent), pl. lhuig (?i luig), also amlug (pl. emlyg).

lhûg

dragon

(construct lhug; with article ?i thlûg or ?i lûg – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (snake, serpent), pl. lhuig (?i luig), also amlug (pl. emlyg).

(s)lōkō

noun. reptile, snake, worm

Derivations

• √LOK “bend, loop, bend, loop, [ᴱ√] twine, twist, curl; [ᴹ√] great serpent, dragon” ✧ PE17/160

Derivatives

• Q. hlócë “reptile, snake, serpant, worm, reptile, snake, serpant, worm, *lizard; [ᴹQ.] dragon” ✧ PE17/160
• S. lhûg “reptile, snake, serpent, worm, reptile, snake, serpent, worm, *lizard; [N.] dragon” ✧ PE17/160

Element in

• ✶phawalōkō “dragon”

phawalōkō

noun. dragon

Derivatives

• Q. föalócë “*breath-dragon” ✧ PE17/181

Elements

Word	Gloss
phawa
(s)lōkō	“reptile, snake, worm”

am-

prefix. snake

A prefix for “snake” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√ANGWA of the same meaning, most notably an element in N. amlug “dragon” (Ety/ANGWA).

Derivations

• ᴹ√ANGWA “snake” ✧ Ety/ANGWA

Element in

• N. amlug “dragon” ✧ Ety/ANGWA

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√ANGWA > am-	[aŋgwa] > [amba] > [amb] > [amm] > [am]	✧ Ety/ANGWA

lhûg

noun. snake, serpent

lhimlug

noun. fish-dragon, sea-serpent

amlug

noun. dragon

amlug

noun. dragon

Cognates

• ᴹQ. angulóke “dragon” ✧ Ety/LOK

Elements

Word	Gloss
am-	“snake”
lhûg	“dragon”

lhanc

noun. throat

lhanc

noun. throat

Changes

• lhang → lhanc “throat” ✧ Ety/LANK

Cognates

• ᴹQ. lanko “throat” ✧ Ety/LANK; Ety/LAK¹
• ᴹQ. lango “throat” ✧ Ety/LANK

Derivations

• ᴹ√LAK “swallow” ✧ Ety/LANK; Ety/LANK; EtyAC/LAK¹

Element in

• N. tarlanc “stiff-necked, obstinate”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√LANK > lhanc	[laŋko] > [laŋkʰo] > [laŋxo] > [laŋx] > [l̥aŋx] > [l̥aŋk]	✧ Ety/LANK
ᴹ√LANG > lhang	[laŋgō] > [laŋgo] > [laŋg] > [laŋ]	✧ Ety/LANK
ᴹ√LAK¹ > lhanc	[laŋko] > [laŋkʰo] > [laŋxo] > [laŋx] > [l̥aŋx] > [l̥aŋk]	✧ EtyAC/LAK¹

Variations

• lhang ✧ Ety/LANK (lhang)

lhûg

noun. dragon

Cognates

• ᴹQ. lóke “dragon” ✧ Ety/LOK

Derivations

• ᴹ√LOK “great serpent, dragon” ✧ Ety/LOK

Element in

• N. amlug “dragon” ✧ Ety/LOK
• N. lhimlug “fish-dragon, sea-serpent” ✧ Ety/LOK

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√LOK > lhûg	[lōke] > [lūke] > [lūk] > [l̥ūk] > [l̥ūg]	✧ Ety/LOK