-n

suffix. genitive suffix

-n

suffix. dative suffix

-nie

suffix. female

A feminizing suffix for pronominal forms in Quenya Personal Pronouns (QPP1) from the late 1940s (PE23/102), so that for example mane “who (neutral)” could become manie “who (female)” and ane “someone” could become anie “someone (female)”. It is probably based on the contemporaneous feminine primitive suffix ✶-eye. The suffix -nie replaced a rejected variant -re (PE23/102 note #37).

-no

suffix. male

A masculinizing suffix for pronominal forms in Quenya Personal Pronouns (QPP1) from the late 1940s (PE23/102), so that for example mane “who (neutral)” could become mano “who (male)” and ane “someone” could become ano “someone (male)”. It is probably based on the contemporaneous masculine primitive suffix ✶-owo.

-n(an)

suffix. time

-n(de)

suffix. degree

-nde

suffix. general action verbal suffix

-ndo

suffix. *agent (male)

-ndon

suffix. like, as

-ndor

suffix. -land

-nen

suffix. instrumental

-nna

suffix. to, towards; allative suffix

-nta

suffix. to become or be made

-nwa

suffix. perfective adjective

-nye

suffix. I

-on

suffix. masculine suffix

-ngwa

suffix. *our (inclusive)

-nil

suffix. -friend

-nildo

suffix. -friend

-nta

suffix. *their

-nya

suffix. *my

lia

adjective. (not) a few, several

An adjectival form of li(n)-, translated “(not) a few, several” and appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/106). Tolkien said “this is rare, since this notion is expressed by the ‘long plural’ in –li: Eldali, Elves, some Elves, several Elves”. In drafts Tolkien said it could also mean “lines (straight or string)” (PE23/106 note #80), probably an allusion to ᴹQ. lia “fine thread, spider filament” from The Etymologies (Ety/SLIG).

hanwa

adjective. male

A word appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the gloss “male” (Ety/INI), an adjectival form of the noun ᴹQ. hanu “male” (Ety/ƷAN).

Conceptual Development: In drafts for the first version of Quenya Personal Pronouns (QPP1) from the late 1940s, Tolkien had various adjectival forms based on the root ᴹ√NŌ/ONO “beget” (vs. ᴹ√RÉ “bear, produce”), including ᴹQ. noa, nóna, or ᴹQ. noito “male (of any kind)” (PE23/87), but the relevant sections were rejected and elsewhere √NŌ is not specifically masculine.

inya

adjective. female

An adjective for “female” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√INI “female” (Ety/INI).

Conceptual Development: In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, Tolkien gave a similar form ᴱQ. qinya “female”, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. qin “woman” (PE16/135).

In drafts for the first version of Quenya Personal Pronouns (QPP1) from the late 1940s, Tolkien had various adjectival forms based on the root ᴹ√(G)ERE/(G)RÉ “bear, produce” such as ᴹQ. rea “female”, réna, or ᴹQ. ríte “female [of any kind]” (PE23/87), but the relevant sections were rejected and there are no signs of the root ᴹ√RÉ in the revised text.

kulo

noun. flame

A word for “flame” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KUL “golden-red”, but this word was deleted (EtyAC/KUL).

naina-

verb. to lament, to lament, *mourn

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing as (nai)naina- “lament” derived from the root ᴹ√NAY of the same meaning (Ety/NAY). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road Christopher Tolkien gave the form as naina- (LR/375), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne corrected this to (nai)naina- in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT45/37). The ongoing validity of this verb is indicated by the noun form nainië “lament” in the title of Galadriel’s poem: Altariello nainië Lóriendesse (RGEO/58).

Conceptual Development: A likely precursor is ᴱQ. nyéna- “lament” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√NYE(NE) “bleat” (QL/68).

Neo-Quenya: In a 2024-11-03 post on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), Luinyelle suggested this verb might also mean “✱mourn”.

namba

noun. hammer

A noun for “a hammer” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√NDAM “hammer, beat” (Ety/NDAM). Tolkien wrote an l/ above this word, possibly indicating a variant form lamba (EtyAC/NDAM). This variant is consistent with the alternate form of the root: ᴹ√DAM (EtyAC/NDAM). I would stick to namba “hammer” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. artan (artam-) or tartan “hammer” (QL/32), the second variant also appearing with a stem form tartam- under the early root ᴱ√TARA(MA) “to batter, thud, beat” (QL/89). Other early “hammer” words include ᴱQ. petl “hammer” under the early root ᴱ√PETE (QL/73) and ᴱQ. tonga “a great hammer” under the early root ᴱ√TOŊO “to hammer” (QL/94).

yatta

noun. narrow neck, isthmus, (narrow) neck, isthmus; *(lit.) joining

A word for “narrow neck, isthmus” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/YAK). Although Christopher Tolkien presented ᴹQ. yatta as if it were a derivative of ᴹ√YAK (LR/400), in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne indicated it was actually a derivative of a deleted root ᴹ√YATH, that appeared between ᴹ√YAK and ᴹ√YAT “join” (VT46/22). Although ᴹ√YATH was deleted, ᴹQ. yatta was not, and it was possible Tolkien reconceived of it as a derivative of ᴹ√YAT, as suggested by Hostetter and Wynne. As for ᴹ√YAK, Tolkien had a similar word ᴹQ. yat (yaht-) “neck” derived from that root.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien had ᴱQ. yatta “neck, also isthmus” under the early root ᴱ√ẎATA “join”, along with an archaic variant †yat (QL/105). In a list of body parts from the 1920s, Tolkien instead had ᴱQ. yat (yakt-) “neck” (PE14/117).

Neo-Quenya: It is not clear that both yaht- and yatta should coexist. For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would just use yatta “(narrow) neck, isthmus”, as it has a clearer etymology and ᴹ√YAT has a larger set of derivatives.

-(n)ikka

suffix. small

nome

noun. place

-(n)dil

suffix. -friend

-(á)re

suffix. general action verbal suffix

-a

suffix. adjectival suffix

-el

suffix. friend

-iel

suffix. -friend

-ien

suffix. -land

-ina

suffix. adjective suffix; passive participle

-llume

suffix. time, time, [ᴱQ.] times

-ma

suffix. instrumental

-mo

suffix. agental suffix

-ro

suffix. agental suffix

-ser

suffix. friend

-ste

suffix. general action verbal suffix

-voite

suffix. adjective suffix

-we

suffix. masculine suffix

-ya

suffix. adjective suffix

atan

noun. Man

atar

noun. father

esse

noun. place

he

pronoun. they

helde

noun. friend

heldo

noun. friend

helmo

noun. friend

laure

noun. gold

le

pronoun. you

lóna

adjective. dark

min

cardinal. one

mitsa

adjective. small

málo

noun. friend

nahta-

verb. to slay

ni

pronoun. I, me

nilmo

noun. friend

noldo

proper name. one of the wise folk, Gnome

norto

noun. horror

nye

pronoun. me, I

ná-

verb. to be

nár(e)

noun. flame

nén

noun. water

núro

noun. servant

opto

noun. back

parma

noun. book

rea

noun/adjective. female

saira

adjective. wise

se

pronoun. they

sermo

noun. friend

seron

noun. friend

sondo

noun. friend

síre

noun. river

to

preposition. in

toi

pronoun. they

veo

noun. man

wenda

adjective. female

wilwarin

noun. butterfly

ye-

verb. to be

(nai)naina-

verb. to lament

-dil

suffix. -friend

-dildo

suffix. -friend

-ssa

suffix. *their

fuine

noun. deep shadow

lamba

noun. hammer

mine

cardinal. one

nui

noun. lament

tama

pronoun. thing

ti

pronoun. they