Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Early Quenya

anta-

verb. to give

Early Quenya [MC/215; MC/221; PE12/027; PE14/053; PE14/086; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/077; PE16/090; PE16/092; QL/031; QL/072] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anta

noun. cheek; jaw(s)

Early Quenya [GL/19; PE12/026; PE13/110; PE13/137; PE13/160; PE16/136; PE16/142] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mandulómi anta móri ambalar

the East raised black shadows out of hell

The fifteenth phrase (lines 15-16) of the first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/221). The first word is a compound of mandu “hell” and the plural of lóme “shadows”. It is followed by the aorist form of the verb anta- “to give”, with the looser English translation “raised”. For some reason the adjective móri “black” (plural form of móre) appears after the verb, with the subject Ambalar “East” as the final word of the phrase.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> mandu-lóm-i anta mór-i Ambalar = “✱hell-shadow-(plural) give black-(plural) East”

Conceptual Development: This phrase appeared in the fourth draft of this poem, using a singular form of the adjective móre “black” and an alternate (definite) word for “East”: n’Ambustar (OM1d: PE16/62). Tolkien switched to the final form of this phrase in the sixth draft (OM1f: PE16/74).

Early Quenya [MC/221; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hísimandulómi anta móri rauqi n·ambalár

*the black mist-clouds of hell come rushing from the East

The eighth phrase (lines 15-16) of the intermediate version of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/77). The first word is a long compound, combining the stem form hísi- of the noun híse “mist” with mandu “hell” and the plural of lóme “cloud”. The plural forms of two modifying adjectives follow the verb: móre “dark” and rauko “rushing”; they likely modify the initial compound as well.

The verb form anta is the singular aorist form of anta- “to give”, which is a strong indication that the plural noun “clouds” is not the subject. This means the definite form n·Ambalár of Ambalar “East” at the end of the phrase is the likely subject.

The English translation closest to this phrase is the fifteenth line is the first English translation LA1a (PE16/67): “the clouds of hell came out of the East”, but given the above, a more literal translation might be “✱the East gave dark rushing mist-hell-clouds”.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> hísi-mandu-lóm-i anta mór-i rauq-i n·Ambalár = “✱mist-hell-cloud-(plural) give black-(plural) rushing-(plural) the·East”

Early Quenya [PE16/077] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-nta

suffix. to, at, towards; allative suffix

Early Quenya [PE14/046; PE14/047; PE14/078] Group: Eldamo. Published by

alma

noun. face

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with the gloss “face, visage”, derived from the early root ᴱ√ALA “gaze”, but this word was deleted (QL/39). It also appeared with the gloss “face” in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, where it was not deleted (PM/39).

Early Quenya [PME/029; QL/029] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anto

noun. jaw

Early Quenya [PME/031; QL/031; QL/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. jaw

Early Quenya [GL/37] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maqar

noun. jaw

A noun for “jaw” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√MATA “eat” (QL/59-60).

Early Quenya [QL/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ne

conjunction. that

Early Quenya [PE14/052; PE14/054; PE14/085] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sanda

adjective. that

Early Quenya [PE14/055; PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

santo

pronoun. that

Early Quenya [PE14/055] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tanya

adjective. that

Early Quenya [MC/215; PE16/090; PE16/092] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tye

pronoun. you

Early Quenya [LFC/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yar i vilya anta miqilis

to whom the air gives kisses

Early Quenya [MC/215; PE16/090; PE16/092] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yéma

noun. face

A word for “face” appearing in Early Qenya Word-lists from the 1920s (PE16/136) as well as in a list of body parts from the same period (PE14/117). It may be derived from the early root ᴱ√DYĒ whose derivatives have to do with “gaze” or “look at” (QL/105), as suggested by Patrick Wynne (VT49/21).

Early Quenya [PE14/117; PE16/136] Group: Eldamo. Published by