bad

noun. building, outhouse, shed

Derivations

• ᴱ√BATA “*build”

Element in

• G. bada- “to build” ✧ GL/21

Variations

• bad ✧ GL/21

bad

noun. path

Cognates

• Eq. van “way, path”

Derivations

• ᴱ√VAHA “*depart, travel”

Element in

• G. badweg “traveller; pedlar” ✧ GL/21 (badweg)
• G. Bad Uthwen “Way of Escape”

Variations

• bad ✧ GL/21 (bad)

fech

adjective. bad

olch

adjective. bad

ulch

adjective. bad

throth

noun. beat

cwarth

adjective. evil, bad, wicked

Changes

• cward → cwardh ✧ GL/28
• cward → cwardh- ✧ GL/28

Cognates

• Eq. qarda “bad” ✧ GL/28

Derivations

• ᴱ√QṚÐṚ “*wicked, evil” ✧ GL/28

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√qṛđ > cwardh	[kʷṝð] > [kʷarð] > [kʷarθ]	✧ GL/28

Variations

• cward ✧ GL/28 (cward); GL/28 (cward)

ulc

adjective. bad, evil, wicked

Changes

• ŷl/ul → olch “bad” ✧ PE13/115

Cognates

• Eq. ulka “evil; bad, wicked, wrong”

Derivations

• ᴱ√ULU “*negative”
• ᴱ✶ulkā ✧ PE13/115

Element in

• G. ulcoth “wickedness” ✧ GL/74
• G. ulcarm “sin” ✧ GL/74

Variations

• olch ✧ PE13/115
• ulch ✧ PE13/115
• ŷl/ul ✧ PE13/115 (ŷl/ul)

faig

adjective. cruel

Changes

• fwaig → faig ✧ GL/33

Cognates

• Eq. maika “cruel” ✧ GL/33

Derivations

• ᴱ✶smaika- ✧ GL/33

Element in

• G. faigri “cruelty” ✧ GL/33

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ✶smaika- > faig	[smaika] > [smaik] > [smaig] > [faig]	✧ GL/33

Variations

• fwaig ✧ GL/33 (fwaig)

fêg

adjective. bad, poor, wretched

Cognates

• Eq. faika “bad, worthless, useless” ✧ GL/34

Derivations

• ᴱ✶fectha ✧ GL/34
  • ᴱ√FEKE
• ᴱ✶fēka ✧ PE13/114; PE13/114
  • ᴱ√FEKE

Element in

• G. fectha- “to destroy, ruin, spoil” ✧ GL/34
• G. fecthi “less bad; baddish, naughty” ✧ GL/34
• G. fegla “worse” ✧ GL/34
• G. nin·ista feg “I feel ill” ✧ GL/52
• G. emfeg “infamous, of evil name” ✧ GL/32

Variations

• feg ✧ GG/16; GL/32 (feg); GL/34; GL/52; PE13/114
• [fe]ch ✧ PE13/114