_ adj. _green. A theoretical equivalent to Q. laiqua but that did not exist in Sindarin.
Sindarin
calen
adjective. green
calen
green
calen
adjective. green; fresh, vigorous; †bright, green; †bright, [N.] bright-coloured; [S.] fresh, vigorous
Cognates
Derivations
- √KAL “light; shine, be bright, light; shine, be bright, [ᴱ√] shine golden” ✧ PE17/153; PE17/153; SA/calen; SA/kal
Element in
- S. Ard-galen “Green Region” ✧ SA/calen
- S. Calembel “Greenham”
- S. Calenardhon “Green Province” ✧ SA/calen
- S. Calenhad “Green Space” ✧ VT42/19
- S. Eryn Galen “Greenwood” ✧ UT/281
- S. Eryn Lasgalen “Greenwood the Great, (lit.) Wood of Greenleaves”
- S. Lasgalen “Green of Leaf”
- S. Parth Galen “Green Sward” ✧ RC/349; SA/calen
- S. Pinnath Gelin “Green Ridges” ✧ SA/calen
- S. Tol Galen “Green Isle” ✧ SA/calen
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √KAL > calen [kalinā] > [kalina] > [kalena] > [kalen] ✧ PE17/153 √KAL > calen [kalinā] > [kalina] > [kalena] > [kalen] ✧ PE17/153 √kal- > calen [kalinā] > [kalina] > [kalena] > [kalen] ✧ SA/calen √kal- > Gelin [kalini] > [kelini] > [kelin] ✧ SA/calen √kal- > calen [kalinā] > [kalina] > [kalena] > [kalen] ✧ SA/kal Variations
- Calen ✧ VT42/19
laeb
adjective. green
laeg
green
_ adj. _green. >> Legolas
laeg
adjective. green
_ adj. _green (of leaves, herbage). Q. laika.
glân
adjective. bright, shining white
The word is deduced from its mutated form, but it is worth mentioning that a stem GALÁN "bright", with glan "daylight" (and later "clear") as derivative, is listed in the Etymologies (not included in the published text, but see VT/45:13). Most of the words meaning "white" in the Indo-Eureopean languages come from the original notion of "brightness", e.g. Greek leukós "white" is cognate with Latin lucere "to shine", lux "light". This association of sense is also found in Gnomish, PE/11:39 (glan "clean, pure", from "bright" originally) and in Early Noldorin (PE/13:144, glann "clean"). The similarity with Welsh glan (where the vowel, incidentally, is also long, though this is concealed by Welsh orthographic convention) is also striking
calen
green
1) (etymologically "bright") calen (lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath **Gelin, "Green Ridges"). 2) laeg (fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas** ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).
calen
green
(lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath Gelin, "Green Ridges").
lasgalen
leaf-green
(pl. lesgelin).
gail
bright
gail (light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).
gail
bright
(light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).
laeg
green
(fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).
gîl
bright spark
(i ngîl = i ñîl, construct gil) (star, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. *giliath** (RGEO, MR:388)*
(galen) _ adj. _green (fresh, vigorous). galen after a sg. noun. Q. kălina (lit. illumined) sunny, light.