calen

adjective. green; fresh, vigorous; †bright, green; †bright, [N.] bright-coloured; [S.] fresh, vigorous

calen

adjective. green

calen

green

(galen) _ adj. _green (fresh, vigorous). galen after a sg. noun. Q. kălina (lit. illumined) sunny, light.

calenardhon

place name. Green Province

The name of the Gondorian province that would become Rohan (LotR/678), translated “Green Province” (RC/477) or “(great) green region” (Let/383). The initial element is clearly calen “green” (SA/calen). Tolkien stated that its final element is the suffix -ond “commonly used in the names of regions or countries” (UT/318), but the translation “(great) green region” indicates he may also have considered the augmentative suffix -on. Its middle element is most likely (g)ardh “region”; if so, the ending of this word might be a lenited form of a noun ✱gardhon meaning “province”.

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this region was first named ᴹQ. Elenarda, revised to (mixed language?) Kalenarda or Kalinarda (WR/155-6). Tolkien soon changed the name again to Calenardan >> N. Calenardhon (WR/168), and kept this name thereafter.

calenhad

place name. Green Space

One of the beacon hills of Gondor (LotR/747), translated “Green Space” and a combination of calen “green” and the lenited form -had of sad “place” (VT42/19), though Tolkien said its final element could also be sâdh “sward, turf” (VT42/20).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this hill was named N. Calenhad when it first appeared (WR/233).

Calenardhon

noun. green province

calen (“green”) + ardh (“realm, region”) + ond (commonly used suffix in the names of regions and countries)

Calenhad

noun. green place

calen (“green”) + sad (“limited area naturally or artificially defined, a place, spot”)

calen

green

1) (etymologically "bright") calen (lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath **Gelin, "Green Ridges"). 2) laeg (fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas** ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).

calen

green

(lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath Gelin, "Green Ridges").

Calenhad

Calenhad

It is suggested in the Unfinished Tales that Calenhad probably means "green space" from calen "green" and sad (lenited to had) "place, spot". In "The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor" Tolkien suggested that the second element may be sâdh "sward, turf".

Calenardhon

Green Province

Calenardhon is Sindarin, meaning "Green Province" or "the (great) green region" (calen "green" + ardhon "province, great region").

The hypothetical Old Sindarin would likely be *Kalinardondo.

Earlier names used by Tolkien for this region were Elenarda > Kalen(arda) > Kalinarda > Calenardan > Calenardon.

Calenhad

Green space

It is suggested in the Unfinished Tales that Calenhad probably means "green space" from calen "green" and sad (lenited to had) "place, spot". In "The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor" Tolkien suggested that the second element may be sâdh "sward, turf".

genediad

gerund noun. calendar

gail

bright

gail (light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).

gail

bright

(light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).

genediad

reckoning

1) genediad (i **enediad) (count), pl. genediaid (i ngenediaid = i ñenediaid) if there is a pl. Used = ”calendar” in the Kings Letter. 2) gonoded (i **onoded), pl. genedid (i ngededid** = i ñededid). Archaic pl. gönödid. Also #nediad (pl. nediaid), isolated from arnediad** (see below).

genediad

reckoning

(i ’enediad) (count), pl. genediaid (i ngenediaid = i ñenediaid) if there is a pl. Used = ”calendar” in the King’s Letter.

genediad

gerund noun. reckoning

genediad

noun. reckoning

glân

adjective. bright, shining white

The word is deduced from its mutated form, but it is worth mentioning that a stem GALÁN "bright", with glan "daylight" (and later "clear") as derivative, is listed in the Etymologies (not included in the published text, but see VT/45:13). Most of the words meaning "white" in the Indo-Eureopean languages come from the original notion of "brightness", e.g. Greek leukós "white" is cognate with Latin lucere "to shine", lux "light". This association of sense is also found in Gnomish, PE/11:39 (glan "clean, pure", from "bright" originally) and in Early Noldorin (PE/13:144, glann "clean"). The similarity with Welsh glan (where the vowel, incidentally, is also long, though this is concealed by Welsh orthographic convention) is also striking

laeb

adjective. green

_ adj. _green. A theoretical equivalent to Q. laiqua but that did not exist in Sindarin.

laeg

green

_ adj. _green. >> Legolas

laeg

adjective. green

_ adj. _green (of leaves, herbage). Q. laika.

arnediad

without reckoning

(unnumbered, numberless), pl. ?arnediaid. Since the word literally means ”without reckoning” (ar + nediad) it is unclear whether it would pluralize as a common adjective. – Alternative form arneidiad (VT46:6).****

gonoded

reckoning

(i ’onoded), pl. genedid (i ngededid = i ñededid). Archaic pl. ✱gönödid. Also #nediad (pl. nediaid), isolated from arnediad (see below).

gîl

bright spark

(i ngîl = i ñîl, construct gil) (star, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. *giliath** (RGEO, MR:388)*

laeg

green

(fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386). 

lasgalen

leaf-green

(pl. lesgelin).