cav-

verb. to receive, to receive, *accept, require, cost

A verb attested only in its past form cambelyes “you received it”. In notes from around 1968, Tolkien (briefly?) considered replacing the root √KAB with √KAM as the basis for hand words such as S. cam, stating “kamba is from KAM not KAB” (VT47/20). On the reverse of this page, Tolkien had the past tense form camnelyes “you received it”, apparently based on a verb ✱cam- “to receive” derived from √KAM (VT47/21). Further down on the same page, Tolkien wrote cambelyes as an alternate form, possibly indicating the restoration of √KAB and a new verb form ✱cav-, as suggested by Patrick Wynne (VT47/21).

Conceptual Development: The earliest Qenya verb for “receive” was ᴱQ. tuvu- “receive, accept, take, require, cost”, but in Quenya Personal Pronouns (QPP1) from the late 1940s, ᴹQ. tuvo was only glossed “take”.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I prefer to retain √KAB “hold, possess, have in hand”, and as such I would use Q. cav- for “receive”, although Helge Fauskanger used cam- in his NQNT (NQNT). I would also use cav- for “accept”. In a Discord conversation from 2023-12-25, Raccoon suggested using cav- for “require, cost” as well, but given the 2024 publication of ᴹQ. tuvo, I would use that verb for “take, ✱require, cost” instead; see that entry for discussion.