car- (1) vb. "make, do, build, form" (1st pers. aorist carin "I make, build"; the aorist is listed with all pronominal endings in VT49:16, also in pl. and dual forms carir, carit). Regarding the form carize- (PE17:128), see -s #1. Pa.t. carnë (KAR, PE17:74, 144). The infinitival aorist stem carë ("k") (by Patrick Wynne called a "general aorist infinitive" in VT49:34) occurs in ecë nin carë sa "I can do it" (VT49:34), also in áva carë "don't do it" (WJ:371) and uin carë (PE17:68); in the last example Tolkien calls carë an example of the "simplest aorist infinitive", the same source referring to carië as the "general infinitive" of the same verb. Pl. aorist carir "form" in the phrase i carir quettar ("k") "those who form words" (WJ:391, cf. VT49:16), continuative cára, future caruva (PE17:144), carita ("k"), infinitive/gerund "to do" or "doing" (VT42:33), with suffixes caritas "to do it" or "doing it", caritalya(s) "your doing (it)" in VT41:13,17, VT42:33. Past participle #carna, q.v.; VT43:15 also gives the long form carina ("k"), read perhaps *cárina. (Carima as a passive participle may be a mistake, VT43:15.) PE17:68 refers to a "simple past passive participle" of the form carinwa ("kari-nwa"). "Rare" past participle active (?) cárienwa* ("k") "having done" (PE17:68), unless this is also a kind of passive participle (the wording of the source is unclear). Some alternative forms in Fíriel's Song: past tense cárë ("káre") "made"; this may still be an alternative to the better-attested form carnë (LR:362) even in LotR-style Quenya. Cf. ohtacárë "war-made", made war (see #ohtacar-). Also cárië with various suffixes: cárier ("kárier") is translated "they made"; in LotR-style Quenya this could be seen as an augmentless perfect, hence "they have made", "they" being simply the plural ending -r. The literal meaning of cárielto* ("k") must also be "they made" (cf. -lto). Derived adjectives urcárima and urcarnë "hard to make / do", urucarin "made with difficulty" (PE17:154), saucarya "evil-doing" (PE17:68).
Quenya
carnë
red
carnë
adjective. red, scarlet
Cognates
- S. caran “red” ✧ PE17/036; SA/caran
Derivations
- ✶karani “red” ✧ PE22/152
Element in
- ᴺQ. carniambos “robin, (lit.) red-breast”
- Q. Carnil “*Red Star” ✧ SA/caran
- Q. Carnimírië “Red-jewelled” ✧ PE17/083; SA/caran
- Q. Carnistir “Red-face” ✧ PM/353
- ᴺQ. fanorcarnë “sardonyx”
- ᴺQ. luicarnë “purple”
- ᴺQ. mirucarnë “wine-red”
- Q. Orocarni “Red Mountains” ✧ SA/caran
- Q. úcarnë “not red” ✧ PE22/152
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶karani > carne [karani] > [karane] > [karne] ✧ PE22/152 Variations
- carne ✧ PE17/036; PE17/083; PE17/154 (carne); PE22/152
car-
make, do, build, form
car-
verb. to do, make, to do, make, [ᴹQ.] build
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
- Q. A carnë ta yallë B (carnë) “A did that as / like B (did)” ✧ PE17/074; PE17/074
- ᴺQ. ahtar- “to do back, react; to requite, avenge”
- Q. ahtar- “to do back, react; to requite, avenge”
- Q. alacarna “well-done, well-made”
- Q. alasaila ná lá carë tai mo nave mára “it is unwise not to do what one judges good” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/34
- Q. á carë (sí) ancárië “try harder” ✧ PE17/094; PE17/094; PE17/094; PE17/094
- ᴺQ. ascarë “easily done”
- ᴺQ. atacar- “to revenge, (lit.) back-make”
- Q. áva carë “Don’t do it” ✧ WJ/371
- ᴺQ. cacar- “to continue, go on doing”
- Q. carda “deed” ✧ PE22/152
- Q. carë “action, doing, making”
- Q. carë mára quí tyarë naxa “doing good may cause evil” ✧ PE22/154
- ᴺQ. cariendë “production”
- Q. carilye tar “you do, sir” ✧ PE17/058
- Q. cárima “feasible, possible (to do), able to be done, feasible, possible (to do), able to be done, [ᴹQ.] able to be made”
- Q. carina “done, done, [ᴱQ.] finished” ✧ VT43/15
- Q. carma “tool, implement, means, weapon” ✧ PE22/152
- Q. carmë “art; making, production; structure”
- Q. -carya “doing”
- Q. ecë nin care sa “I can do that” ✧ VT49/20
- Q. ecuva nin carë sa nöa “I ‘may’ do that tomorrow, I have a chance of doing that [tomorrow]” ✧ VT49/20
- Q. hrúcarë “evil-doing”
- Q. i carir quettar ómainen “those who form words with voices” ✧ WJ/391
- Q. ilucara “omnificent” ✧ VT39/20
- Q. lacarë “not-doing, inaction” ✧ PE22/154
- Q. lá carita i hamil mára alasaila ná “not to do (in this case) what you judge good (would be) unwise” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/33
- Q. lá caritas alasaila cé nauva “not doing this may be/prove unwise” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/34
- Q. lá caritas, navin, alasaila ná “not doing this would be (I think) unwise” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/34
- Q. la navin caritalyas mára “I do not advise you to do so, (lit.) I don’t judge your doing (it) good” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/33
- Q. ma caruvalwë ohta “shall we make war” ✧ PE22/161
- ᴺQ. maicarindo “benefactor”
- Q. na carë indómelya “thy will be done” ✧ VT43/15; VT43/15; VT43/15
- Q. nancar- “to undo, to undo, *destroy”
- ᴺQ. ocar- “to cooperate, work together, participate”
- ᴺQ. ocaraitië “program, a set of activities”
- Q. orë nin caritas “I feel an urge/wish/desire to do it” ✧ VT41/13
- Q. orë nin caritas nó namin alasaila “I would like / feel moved to do so but judge it unwise” ✧ VT41/13
- Q. sustanë Manwëo súlë ten i indo Sindicollo ar he lastanë ar carnes “*the spirit of Manwe blew unto the heart of Thingol and he listened and did it” ✧ NM/239
- ᴺQ. tercara “thorough, elaborate, comprehensive”
- Q. uan carë “I do not make” ✧ PE17/144
- Q. uan cára “I am not making” ✧ PE17/144
- Q. uan carnë “I did not make” ✧ PE17/144
- Q. uan caruva “I am not going to make” ✧ PE17/144; PE17/144
- Q. úcar- “*to trespass, do wrong, sin”
- Q. uin carë “I do not make” ✧ PE17/068; PE22/152
- ᴺQ. ulcarindo “evil-doer”
- Q. urucárima “hard to make / do”
- Q. urucarin “made with difficulty”
- Q. vá caris i “he is not to do it (now or ever); in any case (whatever may be said, desired, or may occur to the contrary) he is not to do this” ✧ PE22/162
- Q. vá caruvalwë (ohta) “we will not (make war)” ✧ PE22/161
- Q. vá caruvas i ✧ PE22/162
- Q. ván caruva “I will not (do not intend) to make” ✧ PE17/144
- ᴺQ. yocar- “to assemble, compose, construct”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶karize- > karis- [karise] > [karize] > [karire] ✧ PE17/129 ✶*kar ubā ni > caruvan(ye)* [karubāni] > [karubān] > [karuβān] > [karuβan] > [karuvan] ✧ PE22/167 Variations
- kar- ✧ PE22/152; VT39/20 (kar-)
Orocarni
the red mountains
Orocarni noun "the Red Mountains", place-name: literally rather *"Mountain-Reds": a plural form of carnë "red" with the element oro- "mountain" or "high" prefixed (Silm)
carne (carni-)
adjective. red
nasar
red
nasar adj. "red" (in Vanyarin Quenya only). Adopted and adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399)
aira
red, copper-coloured, ruddy
aira (1) adj. "red, copper-coloured, ruddy" (GAY)
carnë adj. "red", "scarlet, red" (SA:caran, PE17:154, MC:214, KARÁN - spelt with a k in the two latter sources), not to be confused with the past tense of car- "do, make". Stem carni- as in Carnimírië, Carnistir.