Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Gnomish

carp

noun. bundle, bunch

Gnomish [GL/25; GL/27] Group: Eldamo. Published by

carpa

adverb. together, in a bunch, bunched-up

criptha

adverb/adjective. together, in a bunch, bunched-up

The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had an adjective and adverb G. criptha “together, in a bunch, bunched-up” (GL/27), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√KᴬRPᴬR [KṚPṚ] “pluck” with kṛ- > cri- (QL/45). There was an equivalent word G. carpa elsewhere in GL probably derived from ✱kṝpā, but this alternate only functioned as an adverb (GL/25).

Gnomish [GL/25; GL/27] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gogail

noun. mouth

A noun appearing as G. gogel “mouth” in The Gnomish Grammar (GG/8) and as {gogel >} gogíl or gogail “mouth” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/40). In the latter document, Tolkien said it was a combination of G. go- “together” and G. cail “lip”, from more archaic forms gwa-caíl, gwa-cil. An unrelated word G. mem “mouth” also appeared in Gnomish Lexicon (GL/57), perhaps related to G. beg “chin” which Tolkien connected to ᴱQ. “(closed) mouth” = “the two lips” (GL/57; QL/72).

Neo-Sindarin: I’ve used these Gnomish words as the inspiration for a neologism ᴺS. gobem “mouth”, based on the (neologism) ᴺS. pemp “lip”, where the reduction of -mp to -m finally is an irregular assimilation to the preceding voiced b: -mp > -mb > -m.

Gnomish [GG/08; GL/24; GL/40] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gogel

noun. mouth

gogìl

noun. mouth

gomintha

adverb. together

An adverb in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of G. go- “together” and G. mintha “in one place” (GL/41).

mem

noun. mouth

paithron

noun. orator

tôd

noun. hat