Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Gnomish

caug

noun. humpback

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “a humpback” from the early root ᴱ√kava (GL/25), cognate to ᴱQ. kauko of the same meaning (QL/45).

caug

adjective. humped, bulging; bent

An adjective in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed {“bowed, humped” >>} “humped, bulging; bent” based on the early root ᴱ√kava- (GL/25).

cug-

verb. to ponder, resolve, think, consider