Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Gnomish

gaista-

verb. to oppress, cause great grief to

Cognates

  • Eq. naista- “to oppress, cause great grief to” ✧ GL/37

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶ŋaista- “to oppress, cause great grief to” ✧ GL/37
    • ᴱ√ŊAHYA “hurt, grieve” ✧ GL/37

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶ŋaistă- > gaista-[ŋaista-] > [ŋgaista-] > [gaista-]✧ GL/37