haedh

noun. fenced enclosure

fenced enclosure

haedh

noun. fenced enclosure

A noun for a “fenced enclosure” in revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2) derived from primitive ✶khagdā “fence (of stakes), palisade” (PE19/91). While the original composition of OP2 was the early 1950s, the revisions were written in 1959 or later (PE19/91 note #110).

Derivations

• ✶khagdā “fence (of stakes), palisade” ✧ PE19/091
  • √KHAG “stake” ✧ PE19/091

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶khagdā > haeð	[kʰagdā] > [kʰaidā] > [kʰaida] > [xaida] > [xaiða] > [xaið] > [haið] > [haeð]	✧ PE19/091

Variations

• haeð ✧ PE19/091

haudh

noun. (funeral) mound, grave; heap, piled mound, (funeral) mound, grave, [N.] tomb; [orig.] †heap, piled mound

A word appearing in numerous names, usually translated “mound” or “funeral mound”. In revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2) made around 1959, Tolkien described its origin as follows:

> √KHAB- “heap up, pile up”: khabdā “pile, (artificial) mound”: S haudh, funeral mound ... The sense “funeral mound, especially one in which weapons and other valuables were also buried” shows probably that haudh is also derived from the (perhaps ultimately related) √KHAW “cover up, hide away, lay in store”; with extension ✱KHAWAD “store, hoard” (PE19/91).

Here the ancient combination of stops in ✶khabdā developed as usual in Sindarin: abd became auð, and indeed it was the main example of this development.

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, the word N. hauð “mound, grave, tomb” was derived from ᴹ✶khagda “pile, mound” under the root ᴹ√KHAG “pile up” (Ety/KHAG); in that document the sense “grave” was likewise due to the influence of ᴹ√KHAW, though in The Etymologies this root was glossed “rest, lie at ease” (Ety/KHAW). This word also appeared in the contemporaneous Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1930s as a derivative of ᴹ✶khagdā, but there its form was haeð (PE19/45), reflecting Tolkien’s uncertainty on the phonetic developments of agd and whether it became auð or aið > aeð.

In the Outline of Phonology (OP2) as first composed in the early 1950s, Tolkien initially retained the derivation from ✶khagdā as in The Etymologies (PE19/91-92 note #110). But he eventually decided that agd > aið > aeð, at which point he needed a new etymology for haudh “funeral mound”, so he changed √KHAG “pile up” to √KHAB.

Neo-Sindarin: For purpose of Neo-Sindarin, I’d use the circa-1959 derivation from √KHAB given above, with the caveat that I’d limit the sense “lay in store” to the extended root √KHAWAD, to allow the retention of various useful words derived from 1930s ᴹ√KHAW “rest, lie at ease”. I’d limit haudh to mounds associated with death (as well as tombs in general); for “mound” in the ordinary sense I would used [ᴺS.] tund.

Changes

• haeð → hauð ✧ PE19/092

Cognates

• Q. hamna “pile, (artificial) mound, pile, (artificial) mound, [ᴹQ.] heap” ✧ PE19/092

Derivations

• ✶khabdā “pile, (artificial) mound” ✧ PE19/091
  • √KHAB “heap up, pile up” ✧ PE19/091
• √KHAWAD “store, hoard, store, hoard; *lay in store” ✧ PE19/091
• ✶khagdā “piled mound, heap” ✧ PE19/092
  • √KHAG “pile up” ✧ PE19/092
• √KHAW “cover up, hide away, lay in store, [ᴹ√] rest, lie at ease; [√] cover up, hide away, lay in store” ✧ PE19/092

Element in

• S. Haudh-en-Arwen “Ladybarrow” ✧ SA/haudh
• S. Haudh-en-Elleth “Mound of the Elf-maid” ✧ PE17/141; S/216; SA/haudh
• S. Haudh-en-Ellas ✧ PE17/097
• S. Haudh-en-Ndengin “Hill of Slain, (lit.) Mound of the Slain”
• S. Haudh-en-Nirnaeth “Mound of Tears” ✧ S/197
• S. Haudh in Gwanûr “*Burial Mound of the Twins” ✧ LotR/1054

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶khabdā > haudh	[kʰabdā] > [kʰaudā] > [kʰauda] > [xauda] > [xauða] > [xauð] > [hauð]	✧ PE19/091
√KHAWAD > haudh	[kʰaudā] > [kʰauda] > [xauda] > [xauða] > [xauð] > [hauð]	✧ PE19/091
√KHAW > hauð	[kʰaudā] > [kʰauda] > [xauda] > [xauða] > [xauð] > [hauð]	✧ PE19/092

Variations

• Haudh ✧ LotR/1054; S/197; S/216
• hauð ✧ PE17/097; PE17/116; PE17/141; PE19/092 (hauð); PE19/092 (hauð)
• haeð ✧ PE19/092 (haeð)

sarch

noun. grave

sarch

noun. grave

A word for “grave” in the phrase Sarch nia Chîn Húrin “Grave of the Children of Húrin” (UT/140). Its etymology isn’t clear, but it might be related to sarn “stone” as in [N.] sarnas “cairn” (LR/406).

Element in

• S. Sarch nia Chîn Húrin “Grave of the Children of Húrin” ✧ UT/140

Variations

• Sarch ✧ UT/140

haudh

grave

(i chaudh, o chaudh) (burial mound, barrow, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath

sarch

grave

(noun) 1) sarch (i harch, o sarch), pl. serch (i serch), 2) haudh (i chaudh, o chaudh) (burial mound, barrow, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath

sarch

grave

(i harch, o sarch), pl. serch (i serch)