hat

noun. ridge, comb, crest

A word appearing in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s glossed “comb, ridge” (PE21/19) and “ridge (comb, crest)” (PE21/27). It perhaps refers to raised formations of various kinds, geological as well as things like the comb or crest of a bird or the ridge of a roof.

hat-

verb. to break asunder

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s based on the root ᴹ√SKAT “break asunder” and thus presumably with the same meaning (Ety/SKAT).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I generally use [ᴺQ.] hat- to mean “throw” derived from ᴹ√KHAT, so I assume this basic verb hat- “break asunder” was archaic and replaced in ordinary speech by more distinctive verb forms ᴹQ. terhat- and ᴹQ. askat- of similar meaning.

hat-

verb. through[?] down[?]

The Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s had a verb ᴱQ. hata- based on the early root ᴱ√HATA “hurl, fling” (QL/39; PME/39). The verb was variously glossed “hurl” [hata-] and “I fling” [hatin]. In this period, it had a Gnomish cognate G. hada- “throw at, aim at” (GL/48). The root reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as ᴹ√KHAT “hurl”, but in that document the root had only Noldorin derivatives like N. hedi [had-] “hurl” and N. hador or hadron “thrower” (Ety/KHAT).

ᴹ√KHAT also appeared on a rejected page of roots in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of 1948 where it was glossed “hurl, cast, send through air, loose from hand but not nec[essarily] fast”, contrasted with another root ᴹ√RIP “fling, hurl, of something long like arrow, spear, shaft” (PE22/127 note #152). Thus in this document it seems ᴹ√RIP was “hurl fast” and ᴹ√KHAT “throw but not always fast”. This rejected page had what appears to be Quenya verb forms corresponding to both roots: past form ᴹQ. rimpe “hurled” and [?stem form] ᴹQ. hat. The latter was followed by a hard-to-read gloss “through[?] down[?]”.

Later still, Tolkien had the noun Q. hatal “spear” in notes from the late 1960s (VT49/14), indicating the ongoing validity of the root √KHAT.

Neo-Quenya: Based on Q. hatal “spear”, I think ᴹ√RIP “hurl [fast] of an arrow/spear/shaft” was a transient idea. As such, I would use ᴺQ. hat- for “hurl, fling, ✱throw”. Note that this conflicts with ᴹQ. hat- “break asunder” from The Etymologies (Ety/SKAT), but I assume this verb form is archaic and replaced by ᴹQ. terhat- or ᴹQ. askat- in modern Quenya; see the entry for ᴹQ. hat- for further discussion.

nak-

verb. to kill, slay; to hate

makil

noun. sword

ehte

noun. spear

makal

noun. sword

rip-

verb. to hurl

yelme

noun. loathing