he

pronoun. she

he

pronoun. she

hen

pronoun. she

hen(e)

pronoun. she

hene

pronoun. she

henia-

verb. to understand

ho

pronoun. he

ho

pronoun. he

hon

pronoun. he

hon(o)

pronoun. he

hono

pronoun. he

blâb

verb. (he) flaps, beats

The Etymologies seem to list this word as a noun, but it is clearly the third person singular of the verb

tôl

verb. (he) comes

According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien

lhâf

verb. (he) licks

lhôd

verb. (he) floats

orthor

verb. (he) masters, conquers

osgar

verb. (he) cuts, amputates

síla

verb. (he) shines white

sôg

verb. (he) drinks

tôg

verb. (he) leads, brings

lobor

noun. horse, [heavy riding] horse

A word for “horse” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√LOP (EtyAC/LOP). It did not appear in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne reported it in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT45/28).

Conceptual Development: The similar word G. lobros “steed, horse” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/54), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√LOPO that was the basis for “horse” words in the Qenya Lexicon (QL/56). In The Etymologies, Tolkien first gave the root as ᴹ√LOB and the Noldorin form as {lum >>} lhuv, perhaps from ✱lōbo, but these were deleted and replaced by ᴹ√LOP and lobor.

Neo-Sindarin: Since Tolkien sometimes described S. roch as a “swift horse”, I’d assume lobor was a heavy riding horse or war horse.

lhoda-

verb. to float

The Etymologies of the 1930s had a verb N. {lhuda- >>} lhoda- “to float” under the root ᴹ√LUT “float, swim”, along with a 3rd singular present form lhôd “he floats” (Ety/LUT; EtyAC/LUT). The 3rd singular form seems to imply either a variant basic verb lhod- “float” or a paradigm in which the 3rd singular form of (some) a-verbs lost their final a.

Neo-Sindarin: Since the unvoicing of l was not a feature of Sindarin, most Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. loda- “to float”, as suggested in HSD (HSD).

Conceptual Development: The earliest precursor of this verb was G. lud- “flow, stream, float” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/55), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√LUTU as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (QL/57; LT1A/Alqaluntë). Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s instead had ᴱN. lhid- “float, sail” (PE13/148).

êg

noun. thorn

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “thorn” under the root ᴹ√EK (Ety/EK). In The Etymologies this root was glossed “spear”, but I think this gloss applied only to the extended form of the root √EKTE, because elsewhere √EK had other glosses like “sharp, (sharp) point, thorn” (WJ/365; VT48/25; PE22/127).

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, G. eg merely meant “point” (GL/32) while G. aith was “thorn” (GL/18), both from the early root ᴱ√EKE or ᴱ√EHE having to do with points (GL/31; QL/35). In Gnomish Lexicon Slips this became G. aithr “thorn” which also had an archaic sense “†sword” (PE13/108), a word that also appeared as ᴱN. aithr “thorn, [archaic] †sword” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/136).

gwedh-

verb. to bind

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “bind” appearing in its Noldorin-style infinitive form gwedi, with an archaic past form gwend/gwenn and a later past gweðant, all under the root ᴹ√WED “bind” (Ety/WED). Given its root, the expected stem form would be ✱gwedh-, so the form gwedi is probably either archaic or malformed.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume its stem form was gwedh-, and I would modernize its past forms as described in the entry on the Sindarin past tense.

harn

adjective. wounded

An adjective for “wounded” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶skarnā under the root ᴹ√SKAR “tear, rend” (Ety/SKAR).

Conceptual Development: A similar word ᴱN. hardh “wounded” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/147).

rhas

noun. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)

The form rhaes in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:10

tog-

verb. to bring

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “to bring” under the root ᴹ√TUK “draw, bring”, appearing in its (Noldorin-style) infinitive form tegi and its present tense form tôg (Ety/TUK). It was originally glossed as “to lead, bring”, but “lead” was crossed out (EtyAC/TUK).

anna-

verb. to give

anna-

verb. to give

car-

verb. to do, make

dag-

verb. to slay

dilia-

verb. to stop up

gala-

verb. to grow

glin-

verb. to sing

gwanna-

verb. to depart, die

harn

adjective. wounded

lhammas

noun. account of tongues

lobor

noun. horse

mad-

verb. to eat

mela-

verb. to love

min

fraction. one (first of a series)

min

cardinal. one

nîth

noun. youth

nîth

noun. youth

rhasg

noun. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)

rhasg

noun. horn

rhom

noun. horn, trumpet

roch

noun. horse, swift horse for riding

taetha-

verb. to fasten, tie

tarag

noun. horn

tarag

noun. steep mountain peak

thia

verb. it appears

tild

noun. horn, point

till

noun. horn, point

till

noun. horn

tol-

verb. to come

tol-

verb. to come

êg

noun. thorn