liyúmë

host

liyúmë noun "host" (VT48:32)

liyúmë

noun. host

Variations

• liyúme ✧ VT48/32

hos

folk

hos noun "folk" (LT2:340)

horma

horde, host

horma noun "horde, host" (LT2:341)

sanga

crowd, press, throng

sanga (þ) noun "crowd, press, throng" (STAG, SA:thang, LT2:342; pl. sangar (?) twice in Narqelion). In Sangahyando (þ) masc. name "Throng-cleaver", name of a man in Gondor _(SA:thang; a footnote in Letters:425 explains that "throng" here means a closely formed body of enemy soldiers. In the Etymologies, stems STAG, SYAD, _sangahyando is said to be a swordname, and LT2:342 likewise defines the word as a name of Turambar's sword: "cleaver of throngs, Throng-cleaver".)

nauro

werewolf

nauro ("ñ")noun "werewolf" _(ÑGAW, PE17:39; according to the latter source, the word was adapted from Sindarin gaur)_.

rimbë

crowd, host, great number

rimbë noun "crowd, host, great number" (RIM, SA:rim, Letters:282)

hoth

noun. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense)

hoth

host (nearly always used in evil or at least unfriendly sense in S

_ n. _host (nearly always used in evil or at least unfriendly sense in S.). host << host, mob. Q. ñauro. >> glamhoth, Lossoth, ngaur

hoth

noun. host, horde, host, horde, [N.] crowd; group plural; [ᴱN.] folk, [G.] people; †army

Changes

• hoth → hoth “host, mob” ✧ PE17/039

Derivations

• ✶khottă ✧ PE17/039
  • √KHOT “gather, together in confusion, jumble” ✧ PE17/039

Element in

• S. Balchoth “*Horrible-horde” ✧ UT/313
• S. Glamhoth “Orcs, (lit.) Din-horde, Host of Tumult” ✧ PE17/039; SA/hoth
• ᴺS. hothron “captain”
• S. Lossoth “Snowmen” ✧ PE17/039; RGEO/62; SA/hoth
• S. Tol-in-Gaurhoth “Isle of Werewolves” ✧ SA/hoth

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶khottă > hoth	[kʰotta] > [kʰottʰa] > [kʰoθθa] > [xoθθa] > [xoθθ] > [hoθθ] > [hoθ]	✧ PE17/039

gaurhoth

noun. group of werewolves

rim

noun. crowd, host, great number

gaur

noun. werewolf

werewolf

gaur

noun. werewolf

A noun for a “werewolf” (PE17/39; PE19/107; SA/gaur; Ety/ÑGAW), as opposed to a more ordinary wolf which would be [N.] garaf or draug. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. gaur was derived from the root ᴹ√ÑGAW “howl” (Ety/ÑGAW), and a similar derivation appeared in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s (PE19/106-107), but in notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien said the meaning of its root was “falsify, deform, disguise” (PE17/39).

Cognates

• Q. nauro “werewolf, wolf (not wild wolves)” ✧ PE17/039; PE19/106

Derivations

• √ÑGAW “howl; falsify, deform, disguise” ✧ PE17/039; SA/gaur
• ✶ñgwaurō “wolf (not wild wolves)” ✧ PE19/106
  • √ÑGAW “howl; falsify, deform, disguise” ✧ PE19/106

Element in

• S. Gaurwaith “Wolf-men”
• S. naur dan i ngaurhoth “*fire against the wolf-horde” ✧ LotR/0299; PE17/039
• S. Tol-in-Gaurhoth “Isle of Werewolves” ✧ SA/gaur; UT/054

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√ÑGAW > gaur	[ŋgawrō] > [ŋgaurō] > [ŋgauro] > [gauro] > [gaur]	✧ PE17/039

hoth

horde

hoth (i choth, o choth) (crowd, host), pl. hyth (i chyth)

hoth

horde

(i choth, o choth) (crowd, host), pl. hyth (i chyth)

hoth

host

(noun) 1) hoth (i choth, o choth) (crowd, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth). 2) rim (great number, crowd), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”. 3) gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith). WOLF-HOST, see under WEREWOLF (concerning gaurhoth**).

hoth

host

(i choth, o choth) (crowd, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth).

hoth

crowd

1) hoth (i choth, o choth) (host, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth), 2) ovras (heap), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath, 3) rim (great number, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim). Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

hoth

crowd

(i choth, o choth) (host, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth)

gwaith

host

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith). –

rim

host

(great number, crowd), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

dornhoth

thrawn folk

(WJ:388, 408)

gaurhoth

werewolf

).

drúnos

folk

Drúnos (i Dhrúnos), pl. Drúnys (in Drúnys), coll. pl. Drúnossath. See WILD MAN.

drúnos

folk

Drúnos (i Dhrúnos), pl. Drúnys (in Drúnys), coll. pl. Drúnossath

drúnos

folk

Drúnos (i Dhrúnos), pl. Drúnys (in Drúnys), coll. pl. Drúnossath.

ovras

crowd

(heap), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath

rim

crowd

(great number, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim). Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

gaur

werewolf

gaur (i ngaur = i ñaur), pl. goer (in goer = i ñgoer), coll. pl. gaurhoth (attested in lenited form: i ngaurhoth, "the [were]wolf-host": gaur + hoth "host")

gaur

werewolf

(i ngaur = i ñaur), pl. goer (in goer = i ñgoer), coll. pl. gaurhoth (attested in lenited form: i ngaurhoth, "the [were]wolf-host": gaur + hoth "host")

-hai

suffix. folk

Element in

• Bs. Olog-hai “Troll-folk”
• Bs. Uruk-hai “Orc-folk”

lâi

collective noun. folk

A noun appearing only as an element in kadar-lâi “city folk” (SD/435). It may be related to Q. lië “people”, as suggested by various authors (AAD/18, AL/Adûnaic, EotAL/LAI). In at least one Avari dialect, this word was lai (WJ/410).

Cognates

• Q. lië “people, folk”

Element in

• Ad. kadar-lâi “city folk” ✧ SD/435

Variations

• lāi ✧ SD/435

hoth

noun. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense)

hoth

noun. host, crowd; group plural

Cognates

• ᴹQ. hosto “crowd, assembly”

Derivations

• ᴹ✶khotsē “assembly” ✧ Ety/KHOTH
  • ᴹ√KHOTH “gather” ✧ Ety/KHOTH

Element in

• N. Glamhoth “Orcs, (lit.) Barbaric Host” ✧ Ety/KHOTH
• N. Haradhoth “People of Harad”
• N. Rohiroth “Horse-lords, Horse-masters”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶khotsē > hoth	[kʰotsē] > [kʰotse] > [xotse] > [xoθθe] > [xoθθ] > [hoθθ] > [hoθ]	✧ Ety/KHOTH

ovras

noun. crowd, heap.

rhim

noun. crowd, host, great number

rhimb

noun. crowd, host, great number

draugluin

masculine name. Werewolf

Elements

Word	Gloss
draug	“wolf”
lûn	“pale”

gaur

noun. werewolf

gaur

noun. werewolf

Cognates

• ᴹQ. nauro “werewolf” ✧ Ety/ÑGAW

Derivations

• ᴹ√ÑGAW “howl” ✧ Ety/ÑGAW

Element in

• N. naur ad i gaurhoth “*fire against the wolf-horde” ✧ TI/187
• N. Tol-na-Gaurhoth “Isle of Werewolves” ✧ LR/284

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√ÑGAW > gaur	[ŋgawro] > [ŋgauro] > [ŋgǭro] > [gǭro] > [gouro] > [gauro] > [gaur]	✧ Ety/ÑGAW