Quenya 

insë

himself

insë "himself" and "herself", 3rd person sg. personal reflexive pronoun, apparently covering both genders, e.g. *tiris insë "(s)he watches him/herself" (but apparently the general reflexive pronoun immo may also be used, and it may even be preferable since the cluster ns seems unusual for Quenya). Compare insa, the corresponding impersonal form. Insë is derived from earlier imsë, a form that was possibly also used in Quenya (unless "imse" in Tolkien's manuscript is intended as an etymological form only, though it is not asterisked) (VT47:37)

insë

pronoun. himself, herself

Elements

WordGloss
im-“same”
se“he, she, it (animate)”

Variations

  • inse ✧ VT47/37

imsë

imsë

?imsë, see insë (it is not entirely clear whether imsë is intended as a Quenya form or as the etymological form underlying insë) (VT47:37)

insa

itself

insa *"itself", 3rd person sg. impersonal reflexive pronoun, e.g. *tiris insa "it watches itself" (but apparently the general reflexive pronoun immo may also be used, and it may even be preferable since the cluster ns seems unusual for Quenya). Compare insë, the corresponding personal form.

insa

pronoun. itself

Elements

WordGloss
im-“same”
sa“it (inanimate); that”

se

he, she, it

se (1) pron. "he, she, it" also object "him, her, it", 3rd person sg. Used "of living things including plants" (VT49:37; the corresponding inaimate pronoun is sa). The pronoun comes directly from se as the original stem-form (VT49:50). Stressed form , VT49:51, attested in object position in melin sé "I love him" (VT49:21). Ósë "with him/her", VT43:29; see ó-. Long dative/allative sena "[to/for] him" or "at him", VT49:14, allative senna "to him/her" (VT49:45, 46). Compare the reflexive pronoun insë *"himself, herself".

imma

itself

imma *"itself", impersonal reflexive pronoun referring to the "same thing" (VT47:37) as the subject; compare immo.

essë

he

essë (2) pron? "he" (and also "she, it"?), possible emphatic 3rd sg. emphatic pronoun, attested in the sentence essë úpa nas "he is dumb" (PE17:126)

ista-

verb. to know

Derivations

  • IS “know” ✧ PE17/155; VT41/06; VT48/25

Element in

  • Q. iluisa “omniscient” ✧ VT39/20
  • ᴺQ. istalë “information”
  • ᴺQ. istanómë “school, academy”
  • Q. istan quetë “I can speak, I know how to speak” ✧ PE17/155; PE17/155
  • Q. Istar “Wizard, (lit.) One Who Knows”
  • Q. istima “wise (in sense knowing very much), knowledgeable, very well informed, learned”
  • Q. laista “ignorance, (lit.) not-knowing”
  • Q. lá istan “I suppose so, I don’t know” ✧ PE22/158
  • Q. sinwa “known, certain, ascertained” ✧ PE17/068
  • Q. sívë “knowing, knowledge”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ISI > istan[istan]✧ PE17/155
isi > istan[istan]✧ VT41/06
IS > is-ta[ista-]✧ VT48/25

Variations

  • ista ✧ PE17/052; PE22/164; VT49/16
  • istā ✧ PE22/148 (istā)
  • is-ta ✧ VT48/25
Quenya [PE17/052; PE17/068; PE17/077; PE17/155; PE22/148; PE22/156; PE22/157; PE22/158; PE22/159; PE22/164; VT39/20; VT41/06; VT48/25; VT49/16] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ro

he

-ro pronominal ending "he", in antaváro, q.v. In Tolkiens later Quenya, the ending -s covers both "he", "she" and "it".