kar

noun. building, house

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “building, house” under the root ᴹ√KAR “make, build, construct” (Ety/KAR).

kar

noun. deed

kár

noun. head

karaste

noun. making, manufacture, construction

A noun appearing as ᴹQ. karaste “making, manufacture, construction” in the Quenya Verb Structure of the 1940s, a combination of kar- “do, make, build” with the general action verbal suffix -ste (PE22/110).

Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writing, this verbal suffix became -sta (PE22/137), so I would update this noun form to ᴺQ. carasta “making, manufacture, construction”, which aligns nicely with the later verb carasta- “to build”.

karno

noun. wright

A word appearing in the first version of Quenya Personal Pronouns (QPP1) from the late 1940s (PE23/87), an agental form of ᴹQ. kar- “do, make” using a variant suffix -no rather that the more usual agental suffix -ro (PE23/87). It also had a feminine variant ᴹQ. karnóze.

karkane

noun. row of teeth

A word for a “row of teeth” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, an elaboration of ᴹQ. karka “tooth” (Ety/KARAK).

kar-

verb. to do, make, build

karne

adjective. red

karaite

adjective. able to make, handy, crafty, craftsmanlike, skilled

karakse

noun. jagged hedge of spikes

karka

noun. tooth

karanya-

verb. to make red, redden

karie

noun. making

karino-

verb. to get finished/made

karnie

noun. *redness

karnóze

noun. wright [f.]

karpalimaite

noun. [unglossed]

karamaite

adjective. able to make, handy, crafty, craftsmanlike, skilled

karie kirya

making a certain ship

karie kiryali

making some ships

karie nyé·te

making it for me (would be kind)

karie ye mólome

making (things) is hard work

karina

adjective. made

káro

noun. doer, actor, agent

kakarra-

verb. to keep on doing, to keep on doing, *continue

A frequentative form of kar- “do, make” glossed “keep on doing”, appearing in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 using the frequentative patterns described in that document (PE22/100, 109).

Neo-Quenya: Tolkien used different patterns in his later writings: see the entry on the Quenya frequentative for details. However, I think the old patterns can coexist with the new ones, and I would retain this verb for purposes of Neo-Quenya. I think cacarra- can also mean “✱to continue”.

tyaro

noun. doer, actor, agent

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “doer, actor, agent” derived from the root ᴹ√KYAR “cause, do” (Ety/KYAR).

Conceptual Development: In an earlier version of the entry for ᴹ√KAR “make, do”, Tolkien had ᴹQ. káro “doer, actor, agent” (Ety/KAR; EtyAC/KAR), but this form was abandoned when Tolkien decided ᴹ√KAR meant only “make, build”.

Neo-Quenya: Despite the later restoration of the sense “do” to the root √KAR, I would stick with attested tyaro for “actor, agent”, since Q. tyar- “cause” continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings.

korko

noun. crow

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “crow” derived from the root ᴹ√KORKA of the same meaning, replacing rejected ᴹQ. karko derived from ᴹ√KARKA (Ety/KARKA).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. karon “crow” (QL/45), a word that was also mentioned in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/45). In the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60, Tolkien had Q. quáco “crow” derived from primitive ✶k(a)wāk (WJ/395), but in notes from the late 1960s Tolkien instead had Q. {koake >>} quácë “frog” < ✶kāwāk, with primitive ✶kā for “crow” (VT47/36).

Neo-Quenya: Since quácë “frog” is later than (and possibly replaces) Q. quáco “crow”, I prefer corco as “crow” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

kárima

adjective. able to be made, feasible

kav-

verb. to be able

a

preposition. [unglossed]

alama

noun. [unglossed]

amaldume

noun. [unglossed]

anaristya

noun. [unglossed]

arkimbele

place name. Rivendell

A Quenya name for Imladris(t) (Rivendell) appearing only in the locative form Arkimbelesse “at Rivendell” in linguistic notes from the 1940s (PE22/125). The etymology of the name is unclear, but it may be a combination of arka “narrow” and imbe “dell” as suggested to me by Lokyt in a Discord conversation from 2021-08-25.

assa

pronoun. [unglossed]

asse

pronoun. [unglossed]

asso

pronoun. [unglossed]

engwa

?. [unglossed]

ente

pronoun. [unglossed]

ento

pronoun. [unglossed]

ereáma

?. [unglossed]

es

[unglossed]

hyelma

?. [unglossed]

imbeláris

place name. Rivendell

A Quenya name for Imladris(t) (Rivendell) given on a rejected page of linguistic notes from the 1940s (PE22/127), simply a Quenyarized form of the Noldorin name.

kaltua

?. [unglossed]

kanda

noun. [unglossed]

kas

noun. head

kas

noun. head

laqe[t]-

verb. [unglossed]

latimberista

place name. Rivendell

A Quenya name for Imladris(t) (Rivendell) given on a rejected paged of linguistic notes from the 1940s (PE22/127). The elements of this Quenya name are the same as its Noldorin cognate: Tolkien stated that is initial element is latimbe “glen” (√LAT + imbe), and its final element is clearly rista “cut”. On the same page, Tolkien stated that this name was not used in practice, and was replaced the Quenyarized form of the Noldorin name: Imbeláris.

lau(w)e

?. [unglossed]

mahtya

?. [unglossed]

mai(y)a

noun. [unglossed]

maldo

noun. [unglossed]

nandakka-

verb. [unglossed]

nele

noun. tooth

nelet

noun. tooth

The normal Quenya word for “tooth”, appearing in The Etymologies written around 1937 derived from the root ᴹ√NELEK of the same meaning (Ety/NÉL-EK), where the final k became t. Its plural form nelki [nelci] indicates a stem form of nelk- [nelc-], since in most inflected forms the word would undergo the Quenya syncope and loose the second e. A variant form nelke (EtyAC/NÉL-EK) may reflect a reformation to align with those inflected forms.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien had ᴱQ. nele (neli-) “tooth” under the early root ᴱ√NELE (QL/65), a word also mentioned in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (PME/65). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien instead had ᴱQ. nyat “tooth” (PE16/136), but that seems to have been a transient idea. ᴹQ. nelet first appeared in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from 1936 alongside variant nelke, but it was replaced by nele and then later nelke was deleted as well (PE21/56 and note #12). Both nelet and variant nelke were restored in The Etymologies (see above).

Primitive √nelek “tooth” was mentioned in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from the early 1950s, but its Quenya derivatives were not listed.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d use nelet (nelc-) “tooth” as the traditional form of this word, with nelcë as a modern variant with more regular inflections.

nelke

noun. tooth

nerno

?. [unglossed]

niule

?. [unglossed]

olombo

noun. horse

A word for horse in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√LOP (EtyAC/LOP). This root did not appear in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne reported it in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT45/28). Tolkien first gave the root as ᴹ√LOB, and it seems the form olombo was derived from this earlier form, and was not updated after {ᴹ√LOB >>} ᴹ√LOP, as pointed out by Hostetter and Wynne.

Conceptual Development: The word ᴱQ. lópa “steed, horse” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√LOPO that was the basis for “horse” words in the Qenya Lexicon (QL/56).

Neo-Quenya: Given the dubious derivation of olombo, I recommend limiting yourself to better attested Q. rocco “horse” for purposes of Neo-Quenya. If you do use it, it should probably be revised to ✱olompo.

olta-

verb. [unglossed]

rampa

?. [unglossed]

roina

adjective. ruddy

ruk-

verb. to pluck

A verb from the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of 1948 based on the root ᴹ√RUK “pluck” (PE22/102).

Neo-Quenya: Elsewhere √RUK was the basis for demon words like S. Balrog, so for “pluck” I would use ᴱQ. lep- which is more obviously connected to fingers.

sahte

noun. [unglossed]

sarya

noun. [unglossed]

sisíria-

verb. [unglossed]

séra

?. [unglossed]

sóla

?. [unglossed]

tante

noun. [unglossed]

tatalta-

verb. [unglossed]

teuka

?. [unglossed]

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

timpana

noun. [unglossed]

toina

adjective. [unglossed]

toróma

noun. [unglossed]

tyue

noun. [unglossed]

varinye

noun. [unglossed]

yelme

noun. [unglossed]

éma

?. [unglossed]