la-

prefix. not, in-, un-, not, in-, un-; [ᴹQ.] none, not any

lá-

verb. to not be

la

no, not

la negation "no, not" (see lá); also prefix la- as in lacarë, q.v. (VT45:25)

la-, lá-

prefix. {negative element}

lacárima

adjective. not feasible, impossible

A negation of cárima “feasible, possible”, first appearing as ᴹQ. alkárima “impossible to make” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of the 1940s (PE22/111), then as Q. la-kárima “not feasible, impossible” in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from around 1969 (PE22/153). The 1969 variant appeared in a paragraph which started “As a prefix the reduced form la (short a) appears. This is used with verbal derivatives, nouns or adjectives ...”. Tolkien rejected this paragraph, but the new version of the paragraph read “With nouns and adjs. (not regularly attached to verbal stems, such as -ima, -ite) the form was al before vowels and usually (in all later and free formations) before initial consonants that in Q. were permitted after l”. Thus in the revised paradigm, lacárima remained valid since it was based on a verbal stem.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would keep ᴺQ. lacárima “not feasible, impossible”.

il-

verb. no, *un-

il- (prefix) "no, *un-" (LA); cf. ilfirin "immortal" (vs. firin "dead"). This prefix "denotes the opposite, the reversal, i.e. more than the mere negation" (VT42:32). But il- can also mean "all, every"; see ilaurëa, ilqua, ilquen.

-(i)la

suffix. active participle

-la

suffix. active participle

-tië

suffix. verbal suffix

-ya

suffix. verbal suffix

ailo

lake, pool

ailo noun "lake, pool" (LT2:339; Tolkien's later Quenya has ailin)

cala

light

cala ("k")noun "light" (KAL). Concerning the "Qenya" verb cala-, see #cal- above.

cala

noun. light, light; [ᴱQ.] daytime (sunlight), 12 hours

This is the most common Quenya word for “light”, derived from the root √KAL of similar meaning (RGEO/62; PE17/84). It appears in numerous compounds, either in its full form or in a reduced form cal-.

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. kala appeared all the way back in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “daytime (sunlight), 12 hours” and derived from the early root ᴱ√KALA “shine golden” (QL/44), but it had the sense “light” in the phrase ᴱQ. i·kal’antúlien “Light hath returned” (LT1/184), and it was given as the cognate of G. gala “light, daylight” in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/37).

ᴹQ. kala “light” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√KAL “shine” (Ety/KAL). Somewhat curiously in that document its primitive form was given as ᴹ✶k’lā́ (EtyAC/KAL), a form that also appeared in the first version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa (TQ1) from the 1930s (PE18/38). Tolkien may have used this variant form to explain N. glaw “radiance” (< ᴹ✶g’lā́), but in later writings S. glaw “sunshine” was derived from √LAW.

calina

light

calina ("k")adj. "light" (KAL), "bright" (VT42:32) "(literally illumined) sunny, light" (PE17:153) but apparently a noun "light" in coacalina, q.v.

cálë

light

cálë ("k")noun "light" (Markirya; in early "Qenya", cálë meant "morning", LT1:254)

cálë

noun. light

A noun for “light” appearing in the versions of the Markirya poem from the 1960s (MC/222-223).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, ᴱQ. kále “morning” was a derivative of the early root ᴱ√KALA “shine golden” (QL/44), and kāle was mentioned again Gnomish Lexicon Slips as a cognate of G. gaul “a light” (PE13/114). The form ᴱQ. kale “day” appeared in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, but was deleted (PE14/43). It might also be an element in ᴹQ. yúkale “twilight” (= “both lights”) from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/KAL).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick to the better attested Q. cala “light”.

ezel

green

ezel, ezella adj. "green" (in Vanyarin Quenya only). Adopted and adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399)

ezel(la)

adjective. green

han

beyond

han prep. "beyond" (compare the _postposition pella of similar meaning) (VT43:14)_

han

preposition. beyond

A word for “beyond” in the final version of the Átaremma prayer of the 1950s in the phrase Átaremma i ëa han Eä, equivalent to “our Father who art in Heaven” but more literally “✱who is beyond Creation” (VT43/12). This word also appeared with the gloss “beyond” in notes from around 1970 as a derivative of √HAN “add to, increase, enhance, honour (espec. by gift)” (VT43/14).

itas la tuluvanyë

in that case I shan’t come (something will prevent me)

laica

green

laica (1) adj. "green" (in older sources laiqua) (Letters:282, PE17:159). Laicolassë (laica + #olassë) "green-foliage" (PE17:46), Quenya cognate of Sindarin Laegolas (dialectal form Legolas); compare olassië. Adj. laicalassë "green as leaves", literally "green-leaf" (PE17:56).

laica

adjective. green

laiqua

green

laiqua ("q")adj. "green" (LÁYAK, LT1:267, MC:214), "Qenya" pl. laiquali ("q")(MC:216). Occurs in the phrase laiqua'ondoisen ("q") "green-rocks-upon" (MC:221; this is "Qenya"), Laiqualassë ("q") masc. name "Legolas" (Greenleaf) (LT1:267). Used as noun in the phrase mi laiqua of somebody clad "in green" (PE17:71). In later material, the word for "green" appears as laica, and the cognate of Legolas is said to be Laicolassë, q.v. (PE17:56)

laiqua

adjective. green

la navin caritalyas mára

I do not advise you to do so, (lit.) I don’t judge your doing (it) good

lá

no, not

lá (1) adv. "no, not" (LA, VT45:25) According to VT42:33, lá is the stressed form, alternating with la when the negation is unstressed. In another conceptual phase of Tolkien's, lá had the opposite meaning "yes" (VT42:32-33), but this idea is contradicted by both earlier and later material: usually lá is conceived as a negation. The negation can receive tense markers and be used as a negative verb "when [another] verb is not expressed" (VT49:13), apparently where the phrase "is not" is followed by a noun or an adjective as a predicate, or where some verb is understood, as in English "I do not" (i.e. "I do not do whatever the context indicates"). With pronominal endings la- in the aorist, e.g. lanyë "I do not, am not" (etc.) (Tolkien abandoned the form lamin.) Exemplified in the sentence melin sé apa lanyë hé *"I love him but I do not [love] him" (another person) (VT49:15). Present tense laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva.

lá

adverb. no, not

lá

preposition/adverb. beyond, across, athwart, over

A preposition for “beyond” and an element in better-known pella of similar meaning. Tolkien described it extensively in some notes from around 1965 trying to determine why pella was used as post-position (PE17/65). Tolkien first considered making lá a deictic (demonstrative) element referring to something like “far away [there]”, so that lá was also used as a post-position as in Andúne lá “beyond (distant) Andúne”, while pella had a more elaborate meaning as in Andúne pella “beyond the boundary fixed in or by Andúne”.

Tolkien was dissatisfied with this derivation, however, because of its similarity to French là = “there”. He instead decided that lā was a preposition or adverb meaning “across, over, beyond” based on √LAŊ. He decided pella should be modified to palla where the initial element was √PAL “broad, wide” also seen in palan “far”. This revision of pella >> palla did not appear elsewhere, however.

In this 1965 note Tolkien said that lá was static and had different moving forms like allative lanna, as in caitas lá i sír “it is [lies] beyond the river” vs. lendes lann’ i sír “he came [went] to a point beyond the river”.

The word lá “beyond” reappeared in notes on comparison from around 1967, where it was the normal way of saying “A is brighter than B”: A (ná) kalima lá B, more literally “A is bright beyond B” (PE17/90). In this note Tolkien derived lá from √LAƷA “cross, pass over, go beyond” similar to the conclusion of the 1965 note above (PE17/91), but in 1967 its elaboration was once again pella “beyond the boundary” (PE17/92).

Conceptual Development: The earliest precursor of this word was probably ᴱQ. la “before” appearing in the English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s (PE15/70). In the contemporaneous Early Qenya Grammar, this word was used in comparisons to mean “than” (PE14/48, 81). Contrast this with a 1957-59 document where epë “before” was used for comparison (PE17/56), and the 1967 document mentioned above where lá was again used for comparison but in its later sense “beyond” (PE17/90-92).

In drafts of the Oilima Markirya poem from around 1930, the similar word ᴱQ. ala appeared, first with the sense “before” (PE16/62, 68) and then with the sense “after” (MC/221). The final version of the Oilima Markirya presented in the “A Secret Vice” essay circa 1930 had ala with the translation “beyond” (MC/214). This last instance was the likely precursor to later lá “beyond”, and the version of Markirya poem from the 1960s used post-position pella instead of preposition ala.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would assume lá is a preposition or adverb meaning “beyond” or “across” in the sense “past or on the other side of”: i coa hare lá i síre “the house sits beyond/across/on the other side of the river (either close or far)”. It can be used of both physical and metaphorical position, and in this metaphorical sense can be used for comparison: Aragorn (ná) halla lá Gimli “Aragorn is tall beyond Gimli” = “taller than Gimli”. Lá can be used in the sense “over” as in “over there”, but for “over = above” I would instead use Q. or. In English “beyond” sometimes has a connotation of great distance due to its connection to “yonder” but that is not the case for simple lá in Quenya; “far beyond” would instead be haila.

melinyes apa la hé

I love him but not him (the other)

nendë

noun. lake, lake, [ᴹQ.] pool

A word for “lake” (PE17/52) or “pool” (Ety/NEN), derived from the root √NEN “water”.

Conceptual Development: This word appeared in both The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/NEN) and notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/37) with the same basic meaning and derivation.

oia(la)

adjective. everlasting, unceasing, without end, for ever

pella

beyond

pella "beyond", apparently a postposition rather than a preposition: Andúnë pella "beyond the West", elenillor pella "from beyond the stars" (Nam, RGEO:66, Markirya) In one version of the Quenya Lord's Prayer, Tolkien used pell' (evidently an elided form of pella) as a _preposition, but this version was abandoned (VT43:13)_

quí(ta) la tuldes, nánë márië (nin)

[if he had not come], it was well to me (I was glad)

tar

beyond

tar (2) prep. "beyond" (FS)

ui

no

ui interjection "no" (originally an endingless negative verb in the 3rd person aorist: "it is not [so]"; see #u-). Apparently this is the word for "no" used to deny that something is true (compare vá, which is rather used to reject orders, or to issue negative orders). (VT49:28) Compare uito.

wenya

green, yellow-green, fresh

wenya adj. "green, yellow-green, fresh" (GWEN), apparently "fair, beautiful" ("probably originally "fresh, fair, unblemished especially of beauty of youth") in a later deleted note (PE17:191).

úsië, an cé mo quernë cendelë númenna, ve senya

on the contrary, for if one turned the face westward, as was usual

Third phrase @@@

| |  I  | II |III|IV|  V  |VI|VII| |{lasi >> la >>}|lasir|>>|ūsir|úsir| |úsir|>> úsie| |{pan >> an >>}|an ké mo| |{nanquerne >> númequerna >>}|querne|{quernesse >>} quernes|querne|quere|querne| |immo|kanwarya|kendele| |númenna|(ve senya)|númenna| |(ve ...)| |(ve senwa)|(ve senya)|{i hyarma} númenna|ve senya|

nyarrincë

noun. mouse

A neologism coined by Eruanwa in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) on 2020-02-22, a diminutive of nyarro “rat”, hence actually “✱little rat”.