. The imperative is attested as no, and nad (used = ”thing”) may be seen as an original gerund ✱”a being”. It seems that the copula ”is, are” (and ”was, were”?) can be omitted altogether, as in the ”Noldorin” sentence lheben teil brann i annon ”five feet high [is] the door” (AI:92), in Sindarin perhaps ✱leben tail brand i annon.
Sindarin
na-
verb. to be
na-
verb. to be
Changes
dôd→ dád ✧ VT44/22dád→ hae ✧ VT44/22hae→ no ✧ VT44/24Cognates
- Q. ná- “to be, to be, [ᴱQ.] exist”
Derivations
- √NĀ “be (the same as another), exist”
Element in
- S. no aer i eneth lín “hallowed be thy name” ✧ VT44/24
- ᴺS. novaer “goodbye, farewell, (lit.) be well”
- ᴺS. navaer “farewell, (lit.) be well”
- S. sí il chem en i Naugrim en ir Ellath thor den ammen “*now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) to us” ✧ VT50/23
Variations
- dôd ✧ VT44/22 (
dôd)- dád ✧ VT44/22 (
dád)- hae ✧ VT44/22 (
hae)
tíra-
verb. to see
no
verb. be!
tírad
gerund noun. to see, for the seing
na
be
na
be
cen
verb. see
cen- (i gên, i chenir), also tíra- (i díra, i thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”. SEEING #cened (i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see mirror, SEEING STONE *gwachaedir (*i 'wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186)
cen
see
(i** gên, i** chenir), also tíra- (i** díra, i** thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”.
cûn
bent
cûn (bowed, bowshaped), lenited gûn; pl. cuin
cûn
bent
(bowed, bowshaped), lenited gûn; pl. cuin
cened
seeing
(i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see MIRROR.
gwachaedir
seeing stone
(i ’wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186) ****
: The verb ”to be” is poorly attested. Apparently the root is na-. The imperative is attested as no, and nad (used = ”thing”) may be seen as an original gerund *”a being”. It seems that the copula ”is, are” (and ”was, were”?) can be omitted altogether, as in the ”Noldorin” sentence lheben teil brann i annon ”five feet high [is] the door” (AI:92), in Sindarin perhaps *leben tail brand i annon.