In late writings (see esp. VT/47:37-38), Tolkien reinterpreted this form as a reflexive pronoun (= "self").
Sindarin
nin
pronoun. me
nin
pronoun. me
nin
pronoun. me
Derivations
- ✶ni “I, me”
Element in
- S. a tiro nin, Fanuilos “o guard me, Elbereth” ✧ LotR/0729; PE17/095; RGEO/64
Variations
- niu ✧ Let/279
enni
pronoun. to me
im
pronoun. I
an
preposition. to, towards, for
With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath
an
to
_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath 'glory to all the Halflings'.
an
preposition. to, for, to, for; [N. and G.] of
Changes
eni→ enni ✧ VT41/16Derivations
- √NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus” ✧ PE17/146
Element in
- S. aglar’ni Pheriannath “glory to the halflings” ✧ Let/448; LotR/0953
- ᴺS. amman “why, (lit.) for what”
- S. anann “(for) long”
- S. anglenna- “to approach”
- S. aníra- “to desire, to desire, *long for”
- S. anno ammen sír i mbas ilaurui vín “give us this day our daily bread” ✧ VT44/27
- S. annon edhellen, edro hi ammen “Elvish gate open now for us” ✧ LotR/0307; PE17/045
- ᴺS. anuir “forever, everlastingly, eternally, in eternity”
- S. a Pherhael ar am Meril suilad uin aran o Minas Tirith nelchaenen ned Echuir “to Samwise and Rose the King’s greeting from Minas Tirith, the thirty-first day of Stirring” ✧ SD/129; SD/129; SD/129; SD/129
- S. ar díheno ammen i úgerth vin “and forgive us our trespasses” ✧ VT44/27
- S. guren bêd enni “my heart tells me” ✧ VT41/11
- S. gurth an Glamhoth “Death to the din-horde” ✧ UT/039
- S. ir Ithil ammen Eruchín “*when the Moon, for us, the Children of God” ✧ LB/354
- S. naur an edraith ammen “fire [be] for saving of us” ✧ LotR/0290; LotR/0290; LotR/0299; LotR/0299; PE17/038; PE17/038
- S. ón annin “*he gave (it) to me” ✧ PE17/147
- S. sí il chem en i Naugrim en ir Ellath thor den ammen “*now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) to us” ✧ VT50/23
- S. sui mín i gohenam di ai gerir úgerth ammen “as we forgive those who trespass against us” ✧ VT44/27
- S. ú-chebin estel anim “I have kept no hope for myself” ✧ LotR/1061; PE17/117
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √ANA/NĀ > ana > an [ana] > [an] ✧ PE17/146 Variations
- eni ✧ VT41/16 (
eni)- ann ✧ VT44/22 (
ann)
na
to
e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2
na
preposition. to
prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2
hen
pronoun. this
pl1. hin _ dem. pron. _this.
inu
adjective. female
na-
verb. to be
Changes
dôd→ dád ✧ VT44/22dád→ hae ✧ VT44/22hae→ no ✧ VT44/24Cognates
- Q. ná- “to be, to be, [ᴱQ.] exist”
Derivations
- √NĀ “be (the same as another), exist”
Element in
- S. no aer i eneth lín “hallowed be thy name” ✧ VT44/24
- ᴺS. novaer “goodbye, farewell, (lit.) be well”
- ᴺS. navaer “farewell, (lit.) be well”
- S. sí il chem en i Naugrim en ir Ellath thor den ammen “*now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) to us” ✧ VT50/23
Variations
- dôd ✧ VT44/22 (
dôd)- dád ✧ VT44/22 (
dád)- hae ✧ VT44/22 (
hae)
sen
adjective. this
This demonstrative adjective is probably enclitic. We have suggested that this possibility could perhaps explain why the mutated form of tîw on the Doors of Durin is thiw instead of the expected thîw, see HL/69
sen
pronoun. this
pl1. sín {ī}_ dem. pron. _this.
sen
pronoun. this
Changes
sĭn→ sen ✧ PE17/044th[en]→ hen ✧ VT50/18Derivations
- ✶sĭnā “this” ✧ PE17/044; VT49/34
Element in
- S. Celebrimbor o Eregion teithant i thiw hin “Celebrimbor of Hollin drew these signs” ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/044
- S. i glinn hen agorer Edain mi Velerian, ach hí in Ellath îr ed epholar “*this song Men made in Beleriand, but now the Elves alone (?remember) it” ✧ VT50/14; VT50/18; VT50/18
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶sĭna > sen [sinā] > [sina] > [sena] > [sen] ✧ PE17/044 Variations
- sĭn ✧ PE17/044 (
sĭn)- then ✧ VT50/14
- th[en] ✧ VT50/18 (
th[en])
bess
noun. wife
arwen
noun. noble woman
adaneth
noun. (mortal) woman
bess
noun. (young) woman
ni
pronoun. I
Cognates
- Q. ni “me, I”
Derivations
- ✶ni “I, me”
ni
for the
ni (to the). Apparently representing an (for) + i (the).
ni
to the, for the
ni. Apparently representing an (for) + i (the).
ni
to the
ni (for the). Apparently representing an (for) + i (the).
nin
i
”me”, genitive nín ”my”, dative anim or enni ”to me, for me”.
nin
me
(object form of ”I”) nin; as indirect object anim or enni ”for myself, (to) me”.
im
i
but as subject usually simply the ending -n, as in ónen ”
an
for
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
for
(adverbial prefix) an-
an
for
(+ nasal mutation), with article ’ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
for the
(for) + i (the).
an
to
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
to
(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)
inu
female
inu (analogical pl. iny)
inu
noun/adjective. female
Derivations
- √NĪ/INI “*female, [ᴹ√] female”
Element in
- ᴺS. inwas “feminity, womanhood”
inu
female
(analogical pl. iny)**
sen
this
*sen, lenited hen. Only attested in lenited pl. form hin* (unlenited sin) ”these” in the Moria Gate inscription (i thiw hin**, ”these letters”).
sen
this
lenited hen. Only attested in lenited pl. form hin (unlenited ✱sin) ”these” in the Moria Gate inscription (i thiw hin, ”these letters”).
se
pronoun. this
Derivations
- √SI “this, this, [ᴹ√] here, now”
ammen
for us
(to us).
bess
woman
bess (i vess, construct bes) (wife), pl. biss (i miss). The word etymologically means ”wife”, but the meaning was generalized.
bess
woman
(i vess, construct bes) (wife), pl. biss (i miss). The word etymologically means ”wife”, but the meaning was generalized.
gwanur
kinsman
(i ’wanur) (brother), pl. gwenyr (in gwenyr). Note: a homophone of the sg. means ”pair of twins”.
adaneth
mortal woman
(pl. edenith), also firieth (pl. firith).
dess
young woman
(i ness, o ndess, constuct des), pl. diss (i ndiss).
_ pron. _me.