quet-

say, speak

quet- vb. "say, speak" (SA:quen-/quet-, LT2:348), sg. aorist quetë in VT41:11 and VT49:19 (spelt "qete" in the latter source), not to be confused with the infinitival aorist stem in the example polin quetë "I can speak" (VT41:6); pl. aorist quetir in VT49:10-11, present tense quéta in VT41:13, pa.t. quentë in PM:401, 404, apparent gerund quetië in VT49:28 (by Tolkien translated as "words", but more literally evidently *"speaking"). Imperative in the command queta Quenya! "speak Quenya!" (PE17:138), see Quenya regarding the meaning of this phrase. The same verb is translated "tell" in the sentence órenya quetë nin "my heart tells me" (VT41:15). Cf. also #maquet-

ped-

verb. to speak, to say

ped-

say

_ v. _say. Q. quĕt-. >> pedo

ped-

ped-

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ped-

verb. to say, speak

Cognates

• Q. quet- “to say, speak, tell, to say, speak, tell, [ᴱQ.] talk” ✧ PE17/040; SA/quen
• T. pet- “to tell”

Derivations

• √KWET “say, speak, utter words” ✧ SA/quen
  • √KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392

Element in

• S. adbed- “to rephrase” ✧ PE17/167
• S. man agorech? “*and said Rían to Tuor: what have we done?” ✧ VT50/20; VT50/20
• ᴺS. athrabed- “to discuss, exchange words”
• ᴺS. dambed- “to answer”
• S. aphed- “to answer”
• S. ephed- “to say out”
• S. guren bêd enni “my heart tells me” ✧ VT41/11
• ᴺS. mabed- “to ask [a question]”
• S. pedo beth mellon “say the word mellon” ✧ VT44/26
• S. pedo mellon a minno “speak, friend, and enter; (alternately) say ‘friend’ and enter” ✧ LotR/0305; LotR/0308; PE17/040
• S. pedweg “talkative, saying a lot”
• S. penbed “not pronouncable” ✧ PE17/145

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√quet- > pedo	[kwet-] > [pet-] > [ped-]	✧ SA/quen

pedo

verb. speak! say!

pedh- Reconstructed

verb. to fall in steep slant, incline, slope, to incline, slope, fall in steep slant

A strong verb in Sindarin given as ped- and presumably of the same basic meaning as its root √PED “fall in steep slant, incline, slope” (PE17/173). Its actual Sindarin form would be ✱pedh-, since [[s|[d] generally became [ð]]] in Sindarin. Tolkien also gave the verb penna- “come down in a slant, fall”, so it may be that ✱pedh- means only “incline, slope”.

Derivations

• √PED “slope, slant down” ✧ PE17/173

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√PED > ped-	[ped-] > [peð-]	✧ PE17/173

Variations

• ped- ✧ PE17/173

ped

speak

ped- (i **bêd**, i phedir) (say), pa.t. pent (attested in mutated form -phent); the imperative pedo is also attested.: No word simply meaning “spear” is attested, but cf. the following:

ped

speak

(i bêd, i phedir) (say), pa.t. pent (attested in mutated form -phent); the imperative pedo is also attested.

ped

say

ped- (i **bêd**, i phedir) (speak), pa.t. pent (attested in mutated form -phent); the imperative pedo is also attested.

ped

say

(i bêd, i phedir) (speak), pa.t. pent (attested in mutated form -phent); the imperative pedo is also attested.

bith-

verb. to say

A verbal form of Ad. bêth “expression, saying, word” attested only as an agental-formation as part of the noun izindu-bêth “true-sayer” (SD/427); see that entry for further discussion of its phonetic development. As suggested by Thorsten Renk suggested (NBA/24, 26), the verb stem is probably bith-, consistent with its primitive root ✶Ad. √BITH. Since agental forms generally have a lengthened or fortified vowel, the verb stem bith- could have the fortified agental form -bêth.

Derivations

• √Ad. BITH “say”
  • √KWET “say, speak, utter words”
  • √KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392

Element in

• Ad. izindu-bêth “true-sayer, prophet” ✧ SD/427

ped-

verb. to speak

Element in

• N. pedo mellon a minno “speak, friend, and enter” ✧ TI/182
• N. ubed “denial”