sanda

adjective. firm, true, abiding

Changes

• sanda → sanda “name” ✧ Ety/STAN

Cognates

• N. thann “firm, true, abiding” ✧ Ety/STAN

Derivations

• ᴹ√STAN “fix, indicate, decide” ✧ Ety/STAN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√STAN > sanda	[θanda] > [θanda] > [sanda]	✧ Ety/STAN

sana

adjective. that

Element in

• ᴹQ. aldar olar sana nóresse “trees grow in that land” ✧ PE22/116

sa

pronoun. that

Element in

• ᴹQ. me·láner fasta sa yára Túro “we were not pleased [that old Túro...]” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·tule “I said he is coming, I said (that) he was coming” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·tulle “I said he came, I stated that (at some time previous to my speaking) he came (but was no longer present)” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·utúlie “I said he had come” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. ni qete (sa) e·tule “I say (that) he is coming” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. san “*then”

esse

noun. name

Derivations

• ᴹ√ES “indicate, name” ✧ Ety/ES

Element in

• ᴹQ. kuivie, kuivie, ankalim’esselínen “*awake, awake, brighter by [their] names” ✧ SD/047
• ᴹQ. kuivie, kuivie, laurea esselínen “awake, awake, golden by [their] names” ✧ SD/047 (Kuivië, kuivië! laurea’esselínen*)
• ᴹQ. Qantesser “Full Names” ✧ PE22/022
• ᴹQ. Tengwesser “Letter-names” ✧ PE22/022

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√ES > esse	[esse]	✧ Ety/ES

Variations

• esse ✧ Ety/ES; PE22/022; PE22/051

turma

noun. shield

Derivations

• ᴹ✶turumā “shield” ✧ Ety/TURÚM
  • ᴹ√TURUM “*shield” ✧ Ety/TURÚM

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶turumā́ > turma	[turumā] > [turmā] > [turma]	✧ Ety/TURÚM

umbas

noun. shield

Changes

• ambas → umbas ✧ EtyAC/MBAT(H)

Cognates

• N. amath “shield” ✧ EtyAC/MBAT(H)

Derivations

• ᴹ√MBAT(H) “screen, shield” ✧ EtyAC/MBAT(H)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√MBAT(H) > umbas	[ṃbatʰ] > [ṃbaθ] > [umbaθ] > [umbas]	✧ EtyAC/MBAT(H)

Variations

• ambas ✧ EtyAC/MBAT(H) (ambas)

in

pronoun. that

i

pronoun. that

Element in

• ᴹQ. he·meruvar i Túro kárathe “they will wish that T. is (then) making it” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. isse “where”
• ᴹQ. le·merne i ni·karnéte “you wished that I had made (lit. made) it” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. malkar i·aldar i·ólar nóressella “how great are the trees that grow in your land?” ✧ PE22/124
• ᴹQ. manar i·ennor/lie i me·kenner “who (are or were) the persons/people that we saw?” ✧ PE22/124
• ᴹQ. mennai Orome tanna lende i erenekkoitanie “until Orome came hither that he might awake them” ✧ VT27/07
• ᴹQ. me·merner i Túro kárathe “we wished that Turo was making it” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. me·merner i Túro tule “we wished that Turo come” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. ni·mere in e·karithe “I wish him to do it/that he do(es) it” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. ni·mere in e·tule “I wish him to come/that he come(s)” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. vahaia nóre ëa i a-esta Valinor “far away (there) is a land called Valinor” ✧ PE22/124

Variations

• i ✧ PE22/118; PE22/124; PE22/124; VT27/07
• in ✧ PE22/118