ten-

hear

ten- (4) vb. "hear", future tense tenuva (MC:213; in Tolkien's later Quenya, "hear" is hlar-)

ten-

go as far as

[ten- (3) vb. "go as far as", 1st person sg. aorist tenin, (tenin coaryanna "I arrive at [or come/get to] his house"), endingless aorist tenë, present tense téna- "is on point of arrival, is just coming to an end", past tense tennë "arrived, reached", in this tense usually with locative rather than allative: tennen sís "I arrive[d] here", perfect eténië "has just arrived", future tenuva "will arrive".] (VT49:23, 35, 36; Tolkien emended the initial consonant from t to m throughout)

ten-

verb. to arrive, come to

Derivations

• √TEN “direction; point (toward); end (in sense of point aimed at)” ✧ VT49/23

Element in

• Q. mennen sís “I arrive[d] here” ✧ VT49/23 (tennen sís)
• Q. quiquië menin coaryanna, arsë “whenever I arrive at his house/come to/get to, he is out” ✧ VT49/23 (quiquie tenin koaryanna, arse)
• Q. yá hríve menë, ringa ná “when winter comes/arrives/is with us, it is cold” ✧ VT49/23 (yá hríve tene, ringa ná)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√ten- > tēna-	[tenna]	✧ VT49/23

men-

go

#men- (4) vb. "go" (VT47:11, cf. VT42:30, VT49:23), attested in the aorist (menë) in the sentence imbi Menel Cemenyë menë Ráno tië "between Heaven and Earth goes the path of the Moon". In the verb nanwen- "return" (or go/come back), -men- is changed to -wen- following nan- "back" (etymological form cited as nan-men-, PE17:166). In examples from VT49:23, 24, Tolkien used men- in the sense of "go as far as": 1st person sg. aorist menin (menin coaryanna "I arrive at [or come/get to] his house"), endingless aorist menë, present tense ména- "is on point of arrival, is just coming to an end", past tense mennë "arrived, reached", in this tense usually with locative rather than allative (mennen sís "I arrive[d] here"), perfect eménië "has just arrived", future menuva "will arrive". All of these examples were first written with the verb as ten- rather than men-, Tolkien then emending the initial consonant.

lenna-

go

lenna- vb. "go", pa.t. lendë "went" (LED; cf. lelya-). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word lenna- wrongly appears as **linna-; see VT45:27.

lelya-

go, proceed (in any direction), travel

lelya- (1) vb. "go, proceed (in any direction), travel", pa.t. lendë / elendë (WJ:363, VT14:5, PE17:139) At one point Tolkien assigned a more specific meaning to the underlying root LED: "go away from the speaker or the point in mind, depart" (PE17:52), which would make lelya- a near synonym of auta-. The same source denies that the derivatives of _LED _were used simply for "go, move, travel", but elsewhere Tolkien assigns precisely that meaning to lelya-.

vanya-

go, depart, disappear

vanya- (2) vb. "go, depart, disappear", pa.t. vannë (WAN). The verb auta- may have replaced this word in Tolkien's later conception.

hlar-

verb. to hear

@@@ per Lokyt, the verb might be hlara- since the root SLAS is substantival

Cognates

• ᴺS. lhassa- “to hear”
• ᴺS. lhae- “to hear”

Derivations

• √SLAS “ear”

Element in

• ᴺQ. hlaraitë “able to hear”
• ᴺQ. hlárerya “hearing (ability)”
• ᴺQ. hlarië “hearing”
• ᴺQ. hlarindo “hearer”
• ᴺQ. lahlaraitë “deaf, (lit.) unable to hear”
• ᴺQ. hlárelóra “deaf, (lit.) hearing-less”
• Q. man hlaruva rávëa súrë? “Who shall hear the wind roaring?” ✧ MC/222

hlar-

verb. hear

hlar- verb "hear", future tense hlaruva "shall hear" in Markirya. Since the original root is SLAS, this verb may have the past tense *hlassë (for slansē) in more classical forms of Quenya, perhaps re-formed as *hlarnë (or *hlarrë, for hlazze) in spoken Noldorin Quenya. Compare #hriz- "snow" (root SRIS) with past tense hrinsë/hrissë, as well as Tolkien's remarks in PE19:99.

hlasta-/lasta-

verb. hear

bad

go

#bad- (i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.

bad

go

(i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.

lhae-

verb. to hear

Cognates

• Q. hlar- “to hear”

Derivations

• √SLAS “ear”

lhassa-

verb. to hear

@@@ 2022-09-24

Cognates

• Q. hlar- “to hear”

Derivations

• √SLAS “ear”

ten

root. direction; point (toward); end (in sense of point aimed at)

This root first appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as ᴱ√TENE “touch, feel”, with derivatives like ᴱQ. tende “sense of touch, sense, sensation, feeling” and ᴱQ. tenya- “feel, touch” (QL/91). G. tent “toe” and G. tentha- “feel with the feet, walk on tiptoe” from the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon might be related (GL/70). There were then no further signs of this root for many years, except perhaps the preposition ᴹQ. ten “for” in Fíriel’s Song of the 1930s.

The root √TEN “direction” eventually reappeared in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 with a single derivative, adverb or preposition Q. tenna “to the object; up to, to (reach), as far as”, as in the phrase Q. tenn’ Ambar-metta “unto the ending of the world” (LotR/967). The root √TEN also appeared with gloss “end in sense of point aimed at” (vs. √MET = “finally”) along with derivatives Q. tenna “to the point, until” and Q. †tenya- “arrive, end (not at speaker’s[?] place)” in notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s (VT49/24).

In notes from 1968, √TEN was at first used for “to, arrive (at), reach” along with derivatives Q. tenna “right up to a point (of time/place); go as far as” and a verb Q. ten- “arrive, come to”, but then Tolkien changed {√TEN >>} √MEN and revised all the verb forms of {Q. ten- >>} men- (VT49/23-24). He then gave a new gloss “point” to √TEN and updated derivatives: Q. tenna “to the point” and Q. tenta- “point to, [point] out, indicate” (VT49/24). In another note associated with 1968 drafts of the Ambidexters Sentence, the root √TEN was glossed “toward” (VT49/24).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I’d ignore Tolkien’s brief interpretation of this root as “arrive”, and stick with the meaning “(up to the) point”, consistent with its non-deleted derivatives. For “arrive”, I’d use Q. anya- from Late Notes on Verbs written in 1969, reserving √MEN for “go” (LVS).

Changes

• ten- → men- ✧ VT49/23

Derivatives

• Q. ten- “to arrive, come to” ✧ VT49/23
• Q. tenya- “to arrive, end (not at speaker’s[?] place)” ✧ VT49/24
• Q. tenna “until, up to, as far as, to the point, to reach” ✧ PE17/187; VT49/23; VT49/24; VT49/24
• Q. tenta- “to point (to/out), indicate; to direct toward, be directed toward; to go forth towards (with object)” ✧ VT49/24
• ᴺS. aden “until”
• ᴺS. tent “toe”

Element in

• Q. tensi “already, still, up to now/here; yet [from present]”
• Q. tenta “still, yet [past], still, yet [past], *up until then”
• ᴺS. naden “until, up to, as far as”

Variations

• TEN- ✧ PE17/145
• ten- ✧ VT49/23 (ten-)
• ten ✧ VT49/24; VT49/24; VT49/24