naite

adjective. true

naitë

true

naitë adj. "true" (VT49:28)

naitë

adjective. true

Element in

• Q. naitië “indeed, truly, indeed, truly, *really” ✧ PE22/166
• Q. roccor i Erulingaron márë nár (ma naitë)? “the horses of the Rohirrim are good (are they not, lit. is it true)” ✧ PE22/166
• Q. savin i Elessarno quetië naitë “I believe that the words of A[ragorn] are true” ✧ PE22/158; VT49/28

Variations

• naite ✧ PE22/158; PE22/166; VT49/28

certa

rune

certa noun "rune" (pl. certar given), adapted from Sindarin certh (a "true" or inherited Quenya form of primitive ¤kirtē would have been *cirtë, but this word did not occur). (WJ:396)

certa

noun. rune

Cognates

• S. certh “rune” ✧ LotR/1117; LotRI/Certar; PE17/122; WJ/396; WJI/Cirth; PE22/149; PE22/150

Derivations

• S. certh “rune” ✧ WJ/396
  • √KIR “cut, cleave, pass swiftly through; shave; skim (surface), slip along, glide quickly” ✧ PE22/150
  • ✶kirtē “rune” ✧ WJ/396
  • √KIR “cut, cleave, pass swiftly through; shave; skim (surface), slip along, glide quickly”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
S. certh > certa	[cerþa] > [certa]	✧ WJ/396

tulca

firm, strong, immovable, steadfast

tulca (1) ("k") adj. "firm, strong, immovable, steadfast" (TULUK)

téna

straight, right

téna (1) adj. "straight, right" (SD:310; see téra)

téra

straight, right

téra adj. "straight, right" (TEÑ, see TE3; LR:47; in one text Tolkien changed it to téna, SD:310)

anwa

real, actual, true

anwa adj. "real, actual, true" (ANA2)

sanda

firm, true, abiding

sanda (þ) (1) adj. "firm, true, abiding" (STAN)

-wë

person

-wë a suffix occurring in many personal names, generally but not exclusively masculine (Elenwë is the sole certain example of a fem. name with this ending); it is derived from a stem simply meaning "person" (PM:340, WJ:399). In Etym, -wë is simply defined as an element that is frequent in masculine names, and it is there derived from a stem (WEG) having to do with "(manly) vigour".

enwa

adjective. existent, real, found in the primary world

nassë

person, an individual

nassë (1) "a person, an individual" (VT49:30). Also translated "true-being" (pl. nasser is attested), the inner "true" being of a person. With a pronominal suffix in the form nassentar "their true-being" (PE17:175, cf. -nta #2), in the source referring to the "true" spiritual nature of the Valar, as hidden within their visible shapes. The word nassentar would seem to be plural, *"their true-beings". Not to be confused with the verb nassë/násë "he/she is"; see ná #1.

tanca

firm, fixed, sure

tanca ("k")adj. "firm, fixed, sure" (TAK)

-o

person, somebody

-o (2), also -ó, "a person, somebody", pronominal suffix (PM:340)

Námo

person, somebody

námo (2) noun "a person, somebody" (PM:340 writers may prefer the synonym quén to avoid confusion with # 1)

certh

noun. rune

certh

noun. rune

Cognates

• Q. certa “rune” ✧ LotR/1117; LotRI/Certar; PE17/122; WJ/396; WJI/Cirth; PE22/149; PE22/150

Derivations

• √KIR “cut, cleave, pass swiftly through; shave; skim (surface), slip along, glide quickly” ✧ PE22/150
• ✶kirtē “rune” ✧ WJ/396
  • √KIR “cut, cleave, pass swiftly through; shave; skim (surface), slip along, glide quickly”

Derivatives

• Q. certa “rune” ✧ WJ/396

Element in

• S. certhas “runes-rows, runic alphabet” ✧ LotR/1123
• S. i Cirdh Daeron “*the Runes of Daeron” ✧ NM/164

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√KER > cirth	[kertī] > [kerti] > [kertʰi] > [kerθi] > [kirθi] > [kirθ]	✧ PE22/150
✶kirtē > certh	[kirtē] > [kirte] > [kirta] > [kirtʰa] > [kirθa] > [kerθa] > [kerθ]	✧ WJ/396

Variations

• Certh ✧ WJI/Cirth

taug

adjective. firm

adj. firm, strong, ?withstand. Q. tauka stiff, wooden.

nanwen

adjective. true

Cognates

• Q. nanwa “existing, actual (true), existing, actual (true), *real; [️ᴱQ.] being”

Derivations

• √NĀ “be (the same as another), exist”

certh

rune

certh (i gerth, o cherth), pl. cirth (i chirth). RUNE-ROW (collection of runes) certhas (i gerthas, o cherthas), pl. certhais (i cherthais). LONG RUNE-ROW (a certain system of runes) Angerthas (and + certhas).

certh

rune

(i gerth, o cherth), pl. cirth (i chirth).

naed

adjective. true, real

Cognates

• Q. naitië “indeed, truly, indeed, truly, *really”

Derivations

• √NĀ “be (the same as another), exist”

certhas

rune-row

(i gerthas, o cherthas), pl. certhais (i cherthais).

tîr

straight

tîr (lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) (right). Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).

tîr

straight

(lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) (right). Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).

angerthas

long rune-row

(and + certhas).

thand

adjective. firm, true, abiding

tanc

firm

(adj.) tanc (lenited danc; pl. tainc)

tanc

firm

(lenited danc; pl. tainc)

thala

firm

1) thala (steady, stalwart), pl. ?theili, 2) thand (true, abiding), pl. thaind (VT46:16; notice that the forms “thenid” and “thenin” in LR:388 s.v. STAN represent misreadings of Tolkiens manuscript).

thala

firm

(steady, stalwart), pl. ?theili

thand

firm

(true, abiding), pl. thaind (VT46:16; notice that the forms “thenid” and “thenin” in LR:388 s.v. STAN represent misreadings of Tolkien’s manuscript).

tangada

make firm

(confirm, establish) (i dangada, i thangadar)

izindi

adjective. straight, right, true

An adjective glossed “straight” (SD/247), “right” (VT24/12) and “true” (SD/427), the last of these in the compound izindu-bêth “true-sayer”. This final example is interesting, because the adjective izindi is declined into the objective case.

Conceptual Development: In its first appearance (SD/312), the form of this adjective was ezendi, an impossible form in the later phonetic rules of Lowdham’s Report, since Adûnaic only allowed the long vowel [ē] (SD/423).

Changes

• ezendi → izindi “straight” ✧ SD/247

Element in

• Ad. adûn izindi batân tâidô ayadda “[the] road west once went straight, (lit.) west straight road once went” ✧ SD/247
• Ad. adūn batān akhaini ezendi “West road lay straight” ✧ SD/312
• Ad. izindu-bêth “true-sayer, prophet” ✧ SD/427

Variations

• ezendi ✧ SD/312

kirtē

noun. rune

Derivations

• √KIR “cut, cleave, pass swiftly through; shave; skim (surface), slip along, glide quickly”

Derivatives

• S. certh “rune” ✧ WJ/396
  • Q. certa “rune” ✧ WJ/396

mō

noun. person

Derivatives

• Q. mo “one, anyone, someone, somebody”

Element in

• ✶Elmō “Venus”

taer

adjective. straight

Written tær (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies, rectified here according to VT/46:18 (which also lists the ligature)

taer

adjective. straight

Derivations

• ᴹ✶tēra “straight, right” ✧ Ety/TEÑ
  • ᴹ√TEÑ “line, direction” ✧ Ety/TEƷ; Ety/TEÑ

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶teñrā > tær > taer	[teñrā] > [tǣr] > [tair] > [taer]	✧ Ety/TEÑ

Variations

• tær ✧ EtyAC/TEÑ

tîr

adjective. straight, right

thand

adjective. firm, true, abiding

Misreading thenid, thenin rectified according to VT/46:16

thann

adjective. firm, true, abiding

Misreading thenid, thenin rectified according to VT/46:16

thann

adjective. firm, true, abiding

Changes

• thann → thann “?name” ✧ Ety/STAN

Cognates

• ᴹQ. sanda “firm, true, abiding” ✧ Ety/STAN

Derivations

• ᴹ√STAN “fix, indicate, decide” ✧ Ety/STAN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√STAN > thand > thann	[standa] > [sθanda] > [θanda] > [θand] > [θann]	✧ Ety/STAN

Variations

• thenid/thenin ✧ EtyAC/STAN

tanc

adjective. firm

tanc

adjective. firm, firm; [ᴱN.] steady, steadfast; [G.] settled

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tanka “firm, fixed, sure, firm, fixed, sure, [ᴱQ.] fast; steady, (stead)fast” ✧ Ety/TAK

Derivations

• ᴹ√TAK “fix, make fast, make” ✧ Ety/TAK

Element in

• N. Marthanc “Hamfast”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√TAK > tanc	[taŋka] > [taŋkʰa] > [taŋxa] > [taŋx] > [taŋk]	✧ Ety/TAK

tangada-

verb. to make firm, confirm, establish