usc

noun. smoke

A noun for “smoke” developed from primitive ᴹ✶us(u)kwē (Ety/USUK). In this example, the loss of the second [u] was probably very early, since it appears in all child languages. This word is a good example of how [[ilk|[w] vanished after medial velars]] in Ilkorin, as noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/usc).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. usqe “reek; dusk, twilight” ✧ Ety/USUK

Derivations

• ᴹ✶us(u)kwē “reek” ✧ Ety/USUK
  • ᴹ√USUK “*reek, smoke; dusk” ✧ Ety/USUK; PE18/050

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶us(u)k-wē > usc	[uskwē] > [uskwe] > [uske] > [usk]	✧ Ety/USUK

hidhum

noun. fog

A Doriathrin noun for “fog” written hiðum in The Etymologies, and derived from the primitive form ᴹ✶khithme [kʰitʰme] (Ety/KHIS, EtyAC/KHIS). This word illustrates several interesting phonetic changes in Ilkorin.

• Both the aspirates became voiceless spirants: [kʰ-] > [x-] and [-tʰ-] > [-θ-].

• Later the [[ilk|initial [x-] became [h-]]].

• Meanwhile the [[ilk|medial [-θ-] voiced to [-ð-]]] (“dh”).

• The [[ilk|primitive final [e] was lost]].

• Afterwards, the resulting [[ilk|final [m] became syllabic and developed into [-um]]].

Cognates

• ᴹQ. hiswe “fog” ✧ Ety/KHIS

Derivations

• ᴹ✶khithme “fog” ✧ Ety/KHIS
  • ᴹ√KHITH “mist, fog” ✧ Ety/KHIS

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶khithme > hiðum	[kʰitʰme] > [xitʰme] > [xiθme] > [xiθm] > [xiðm] > [hiðm] > [hiðum]	✧ Ety/KHIS

Variations

• hiðum ✧ EtyAC/KHIS (Dor. hiðum)