-rim

suffix. group plural

-lim

suffix. group plural, group plural, [G.] many

rhim

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

rhim

noun. crowd, host, great number

rhim

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as N. rhim “cold pool or lake (in mountains)” derived from the root ᴹ√RINGI “cold” (Ety/RINGI). This word is the final element of N. Mithrim “✱Grey Lake” in The Etymologies, but in later writings Tolkien explained this name differently, deriving the name from the Elves that lived around the lake, so it may have been abandoned.

Neo-Sindarin: If adapted to Neo-Sindarin, this word would be ᴺS. rim. Since √RINGI “cold” survived in later writings, this word may still be viable, though it would conflict with S. rim “host, a great number”.

mithrim

place name. *Mist Lake

-ath

suffix. collective or group plural

gwî

noun. net, web

helch

noun. bitter cold

hoth

noun. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense)

lhae

noun. great number

lhae

noun. great number

lhoebelidh

proper name. Green-elves

Noldorin equivalent of ᴹQ. Laiqendi “Green-elves” appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, a combination of N. lhoeb “fresh” (cognate of ᴹQ. laiqa “green”) and the plural of N. Eledh “Elf” (Ety/LÁYAK). It also appeared in the variant form Lhoebenidh.

Conceptual Development: In an early form of this entry, it appeared as Lhebenidh or Lhebelidh (EtyAC/LÁYAK).

lhîn

noun. pool

lhîn

noun. pool

liniath

noun. pools

nauglar

collective name. Dwarves

oel

noun. lake, pool, mere

ovra-

verb. to abound

ovras

noun. crowd, heap.

penedh

noun. Elf

penn

noun. Elf

rhimb

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

rhimb

noun. crowd, host, great number

rhing

adjective. cold

rhing

adjective. cold

rhîf

noun. edge, hem, border

sîdh

noun. peace

sîdh

noun. peace

ogod Reconstructed

noun. Ent

-rim

suffix. general or group plural ending

pl. suff. general or group plural ending. >> -ath

-rim

suffix. collective or group plural

rim

noun. host, great number, people (of one kind or origin), host, great number, people (of one kind or origin), [N.] crowd

rim

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

rim

noun. crowd, host, great number

rim

great number

_ n. _great number. >> rimb

rim

a people of one kind or origin

_n. _a people of one kind or origin. >> gwaith, lî

rimb

great number

_ n. _great number. >> rim

rim

host

(great number, crowd), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

rim

cold pool or lake

; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.

rim

cold pool/lake

; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.

rim

great number

(crowd, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

rim

crowd

(great number, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim). Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

rim

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

rim

cold pool/lake

rim; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.

rim

cold pool or lake

rim; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.

naugrim

collective name. Dwarves

A term for the Dwarves as a race, translated “Stunted People” (S/91) or “Stunted Folk” (WJ/388), a combination of naug “stunted” and the class-plural suffix -rim (SA/naug, rim; WJ/388).

Conceptual Development: In earliest Lost Tales, the common collective term for the Dwarves was G. Nauglath (LT1/236), replaced with N. Nauglar or Nauglir in the Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/104, 311; LR/405). Later in the 1930s, the form Naug-rim emerged (LR/273), which Tolkien generally used thereafter.

rochirrim

collective name. Horse-lords

Archaic form of the name Rohirrim, a combination of roch “horse”, hîr “lord” and the class-plural suffix -rim “land” (Let/178, UT/318).

rohirrim

collective name. Horse-lords

The riders of Rohan, translated “Horse-lords” (LotR/262), a combination of roch “horse”, hîr “lord” and the class-plural suffix -rim (Let/382), with the [[s|[x] (“ch”) softening to [h] in Gondorian pronunciation]] (LotR/1113).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, Tolkien first considered using N. Rohiroth (RS/440) and N. Rohirwaith (WR/22) using different suffixes for the class-plural.

-ath

suffix. collective or group plural

El(d)rim

noun. elves

el(d) (from CE *eldā- connected or concerned with the stars) + rim (collective plural suffix) Ll-r in secondary contact > ldr, later again simplified.

Laegrim (Laegel(d)rim)

noun. green elves

laeg (“fresh and green”) + rim (collective plural suffix)

ael

noun. lake, pool, mere

cai

noun. hedge

cai

noun. hedge

edhel

noun. Elf

eledh

noun. Elf

elen

noun. Elf

ell

noun. Elf

hoth

noun. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense)

lae

noun. great number

laegel

proper name. Green-elves

A Sindarin term for the Green Elves (WJ/385), a combination of laeg “green” and †Ell “Elf”.

lanc

noun. sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end (as a cliff-edge, or the clean edge of things made by hand or built)

loeg

noun. pool

loeg

noun. pool

lî

noun. a people of one kind or origin

_n. _a people of one kind or origin. >> gwaith, rim

lîn

noun. pool

lô

noun. shallow lake, fenland

mîth

noun. *Sinda, Grey-Elf

nogon

noun. [Greater] Dwarf

nogoth

noun. [Greater] Dwarf

onod

noun. Ent

onod

Ent

pl1. enyd, pl2. onodrim _ n. _Ent.

onod

noun. Ent

The Sindarin word for “Ent” (Let/224), appearing its plural forms Onodrim and Enyd in Appendix F of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1130).

Conceptual Development: The earliest name of the “Entwash” in Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s was N. Ogodrûth, indicating a previous form of this word: N. Ogod (TI/250).

onodrim

noun. the Ents, as a race

penedh

noun. Elf

raef

noun. net

raef

noun. net

raew

noun. net

raew

noun. net

A noun given as raef or raew “net” in notes on The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from 1967-69 based on the root √RAY “net, knit, contrive network or lace; involve in a network, enlace”, a blending of the ancient forms of its Quenya equivalents Q. raima “net” and Q. raiwë “lace” (VT42/12). In a draft of this etymology appearing in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969, the only form given was raef, equivalent to Q. raima “a net” (PE22/159). Since usually [[s|final -m > -f [v] > -w after the diphthong ae]], I suspect raef is an archaic form and raew is modern Sindarin.

rem

noun. mesh, net (esp. for catching, hunter's or fisher's net)

ring

adjective. cold

rîw

noun. edge, hem, border

thend

noun. *Sinda, Grey-Elf

îdh

noun. peace

peace, tranquillity

aearon

great ocean

also Gaearon (i** ’Aearon), pl. Gaearyn (i** Ngaearyn = *i Ñaearyn). Also short form Gaeron (i** ‘Aeron), pl. Gaeryn (i** Ngaeryn = i Ñaeryn*). Coll. pl. Gaearonnath, Gaeronnath.

ael

pool

1) ael (aelin-, pl. aelin) (lake, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin. 2)

ael

pool

(aelin-, pl. aelin) (lake, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin.

ael

lake

(aelin-, pl. aelin) (pool, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin.

ardhon

great province

(great region, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath.

avar

non-eldarin elf

pl. Evair, also called

both

small pool

(i moth, construct both) (puddle), pl. byth (i mbyth). David Salo would lengthen the vowel and read ✱bôth in Sindarin.

cai

hedge

cai (i gai, o chai), pl. cî (i chî);

cai

hedge

(i gai, o chai), pl. cî (i chî);

calben

elf of the great journey

(i galben, o chalben), pl. celbin (i chelbin).

caraes

hedge of spikes

(i garaes, o charaes). No distinct pl. form except with article (i charaes).

daedhelos

great fear

daedhelos (i naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndae<u>d</u>elos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct. Another term for GREAT FEAR is goe (i **oe) (terror), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe** = i ñoe).

daedhelos

great fear/dread

(i** naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i** ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndaedelos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct.

dúnedhel

elf of beleriand

(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*). (WJ:378, 386)*

edhel

elf

(pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). (WJ:363, 377-78; the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > *Elrim*** may also occur). But since elin** also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.

edhelharn

elf-stone

(pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31).

elleth

elf-woman

(pl. ellith) (WJ:363-64, 377)

ellon

elf-man

(pl. ellyn)

elvellon

elf-friend

(pl. elvellyn, coll. pl. elvellonnath (WJ:412);

gaurhoth

werewolf

).

goe

great fear

goe (i **oe) (terror), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe** = i ñoe);

gond

great stone

(i ’ond, construct gon) (rock), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath (Letters:410).

gwaith

host

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith). –

gwanod

number

(noun) gwanod (i **wanod) (tale), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd**),

gwanod

number

(i ’wanod) (tale), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd)

gwanwel

elf of aman

(”departed” Elf), pl. gwenwil (in gwenwil), coll. pl. gwanwellath. (WJ:378) Also gwanwen; see

gwî

net

1) gwî (i **wî) (web), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwî), 2) raef, no distinct pl. form except with article (idh raef), coll. pl. raevath. Note: raef has a side-form raew, but since this also means ”fathom”, raef may be preferred for clarity. 3) rem (mesh), pl. rim (idh rim), coll. pl. remmath**. Verb

gwî

net

(i ’wî) (web), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwî)

helch

bitterly cold

(lenited chelch; pl. hilch);

hoth

host

(noun) 1) hoth (i choth, o choth) (crowd, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth). 2) rim (great number, crowd), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”. 3) gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith). WOLF-HOST, see under WEREWOLF (concerning gaurhoth**).

hoth

host

(i choth, o choth) (crowd, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth).

hoth

crowd

1) hoth (i choth, o choth) (host, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth), 2) ovras (heap), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath, 3) rim (great number, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim). Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

hoth

crowd

(i choth, o choth) (host, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth)

lae

great number

lae (no distinct pl. form) (VT45:27), also rim (crowd, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

lae

great number

1) lae (no distinct pl. form) (VT45:27), 2) rim (crowd, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

lae

noun. great number

lae

great number

(no distinct pl. form) (VT45:27), also rim (crowd, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh** rim), coll. pl. rimmath**. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

laegel

green-elf

pl. laegil; coll. pl. laegrim or laegeldrim (WJ:385). These forms from a late source would seem to supersede the ”N” forms listed in LR:368 s.v. LÁYAK: *Lhoebenidh* or *Lhoebelidh*. The Green-elves of Beleriand were also called Lindel (pl. Lindil), also Lindedhel (pl. Lindedhil)  *(WJ:385)*.

laew

many

laew (frequent); no distinct pl. form.

laew

many

(frequent); no distinct pl. form.

lanc

sharp edge

(sudden end, brink), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”neck, throat”.

lefn

elf left behind

pl. lifn.

loeg

pool

loeg (no distinct pl. form: loeg is also atttested with plural meaning) (VT45:29). 4) nên (water, lake, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.

loeg

pool

(no distinct pl. form: loeg is also atttested with plural meaning) (VT45:29). 4) nên (water, lake, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.

lîn

pool

lîn (lake), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #**liniath (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194). 3)

lîn

pool

(lake), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #*liniath*** (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194). 3)

lîn

lake

1) lîn (pool), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #liniath (isolated from Hithliniath, WJ:194). 2) ael (aelin-, pl. aelin) (pool, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin. 3) nên (water, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn**. **

lîn

lake

(pool), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #*liniath*** (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194).

lô

shallow lake

(fenland), pl. lŷ.

miniel

first elf

(i Viniel), pl. Mínil (i Mínil), coll. pl. Miniellath. (WJ:383)

mornedhel

dark elf

(i Vornedhel), pl. Mornedhil (i Mornedhil). Conceivably the entire word could be umlauted in the pl.: ?Mernedhil. **(WJ:409) Another term for ”Dark Elf” is Dúredhel (i Dhúredhel), pl. Dúredhil (i Núredhil**).

nedia

number

(verb) *nedia- (reckon, count) (i nedia, in nediar). Cited in archaic form ”noedia” = nödia- (LR:378 s.v. NOT).

nedia

number

(reckon, count) (i nedia, in nediar). Cited in archaic form ”noedia” = nödia- (LR:378 s.v. NOT).

noth

noun. number

nên

lake

(water, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.

onod

ent

Onod (pl. Enyd, coll. pl. Onodrim) (Names:165, Letters:178)

onod

ent

(pl. Enyd, coll. pl. Onodrim) (Names:165, Letters:178)

ovra

abound

ovra- (i ovra, in ovrar)

ovra

abound

(i ovra, in ovrar)

ovras

crowd

(heap), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath

peredhel

half-elf

(pl. peredhil) (PM:256, 348).

raef

net

no distinct pl. form except with article (idh raef), coll. pl. raevath. Note: raef has a side-form raew, but since this also means ”fathom”, raef may be preferred for clarity.

raen

netted

(enlaced). No distinct pl. form. (VT42:12)

rem

net

(mesh), pl. rim (idh rim), coll. pl. remmath. Verb

rem

mesh

rem (net), pl. rim (idh rim), coll. pl. remmath

rem

mesh

(net), pl. rim (idh rim), coll. pl. remmath

remmen

netted

(tangled, woven), pl. #remmin attested (as part of the phrase galadhremmin ennorath, LotR Appendix E)

ring

cold

(adj.) ring (no distinct pl. form),

ring

cold

(no distinct pl. form)

roval

great wing

(pinion, wing), pl. rovail (idh rovail); this is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” *rhoval* pl. *rhovel*.

rîw

edge

*rîw (construct riw) (hem, border), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhîf.

rîw

edge

(construct riw) (hem, border), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhîf.

send

grey-elf

(i hend, o send, construct sen) (probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda), pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim (the only attested form).

sirion

great river

(i** hirion, o sirion), pl. siryn (i** siryn).

sîdh

peace

sîdh (i hîdh), no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîdh) if there is any pl. form. 1) aeg (point, thorn). No distinct pl. form. (but aeglir can be used for a range of mountain peaks). Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) mîn (i vîn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîn), coll. pl. míniath. Note: homophones include the numeral ”one” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 3) egnas (sharp point; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassath.

sîdh

peace

(i hîdh), no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîdh) if there is any pl. form.

taur

great wood

(i daur, o thaur) (forest), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”lofty, high, sublime, noble” etc.

thamas

great hall

pl. themais, coll. pl. thamassath.

tirion

great watchtower

(i** dirion, o thirion), pl. tiryn (i** thiryn).

rim-

prefix. (very) many

rimi

pronoun. (very) many

rimbë

crowd, host, great number

rimbë noun "crowd, host, great number" (RIM, SA:rim, Letters:282)

Este

noun. Peace

Peace, name of wife of Lórien

ailo

lake, pool

ailo noun "lake, pool" (LT2:339; Tolkien's later Quenya has ailin)

cimba

noun. edge, brink

laiquendi

collective name. Green-elves

Name for the Nandor of Beleriand meaning “Green-elves” (S/96), a compound of laica “green” and the plural of Quendë “Elf”. In one place (WJ/385), Tolkien said this name was not much used.

Conceptual Development: The earliest form of this name was ᴹQ. Laiqeldar (SM/270), because at the time Tolkien used Eldar as a generic term for Elves. This version contained an earlier Quenya word for “green”: ᴹQ. laiqa. The name changed to ᴹQ. Laiqendi when Tolkien revised his naming scheme for Elves (LR/176, Ety/LÁYAK). The name retained this form into the published version of The Silmarillion, despite the change of ᴹQ. laiqa >> Q. laica (PE17/84), though later it could have derived the “qu” from the element Quendë.

lauta-

verb. abound

lenu-

verb. stretch

lenu- vb. "stretch" (LT2:341)

li(n)-

prefix. many

A Quenya prefix for “many” appearing regularly in Tolkien’s writings throughout his life, dating all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s. It was derived from the root √LI that was also the basis for the partitive plural suffix Q. -li. In Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948, Tolkien specified that li(n)- referred to an indefinite quantity bigger than a few: “a number, a good many, not a few” (PE23/101 note #36).

> Indefinite, expressing “mere plurality” (more than two at least); “some” with the plural, “(not) a few,” “several.” This is expressed by the stems lī̆-, and lĭn(i). In C. Eldarin the stem meant “many,” often a great number, but in Quenya except in a few older derivatives, especially the prefix lin-, lilin-, it is used always as expressing a lesser or vaguer number than the next (PE23/100).

This was then contrasted with ᴹQ. sem(p)- “few” and ᴹQ. hrim- “a great number, very many” [>> *rim-***].

limbë

many

limbë (2) adj. "many", probably obsoleted by #1 above (LT2:342)

lin-

many

lin- (1) (prefix) "many" (LI), seen in lindornëa, lintyulussëa; assimilated lil- in lillassëa.

linya

pool

linya noun "pool" (LIN1)

liyúmë

host

liyúmë noun "host" (VT48:32)

liyúmë

noun. host

lóna

pool, mere

lóna (1) noun "pool, mere" (VT42:10). Variant of lón, lónë above?

nendë

pool

nendë (1) noun "pool" (NEN), "lake" (PE17:52)

nendë

noun. lake, lake, [ᴹQ.] pool

A word for “lake” (PE17/52) or “pool” (Ety/NEN), derived from the root √NEN “water”.

Conceptual Development: This word appeared in both The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/NEN) and notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/37) with the same basic meaning and derivation.

niquë

noun. cold, cold; [ᴹQ.] snow

nótë

number

nótë noun "number" (NOT)

raima

net

raima noun "net" (VT42:12)

raima

noun. net

A word for “a net” in notes on The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from 1967-69, derived from the root √RAY “net, knit, contrive network or lace” (VT42/12). Tolkien briefly changed this word to raime “network, lace”, but then wrote “stet [let it stand]” indicating a restoration of the original form (VT42/28 note #24), giving raiwë for “lace” instead (see that entry for discussion). This word was also contrasted with rembë “net (for catching)” on the same page, so it seems raima applied to woven or crafted nets for any purpose, not just catching prey. The word raima “a net” also appeared in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 as a derivative of √RAY “net, knit (contrive a network)”, but in that (probably earlier) document the root also meant “catch, involve (in a net)” (PE22/159).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. makse “net” based on the early root ᴱ√MAKA [ŊʷAKA] (QL/58).

rainë

peace

rainë noun "peace" (VT44:34-35)

remba-

verb. net, entrap

remba- vb. "net, entrap" (VT42:12)

rembë

mesh

rembë noun "mesh" (Appendix E, in a footnote), "hunter's or fisher's net" (VT42:29)

ringa

cold

ringa adj. "cold" (Markirya); the Etymologies gives ringë (RINGI), but it seems that ringa is to be preferred (cf. Ringarë below). Yá hrívë tenë, ringa ná "when winter comes, it is cold" (VT49:23). According to VT46:11, Tolkien originally used the form ringa in Etym as well; later he would restore it. - In early "Qenya", ringa is glossed "damp, cold, chilly" (LT1:265)

ringa

adjective. cold, cold, [ᴱQ.] chilly; damp

ringwë

cold pool or lake (in mountains)

ringwë (1) noun "cold pool or lake (in mountains)" (VT46:11). The misreading ringë appears in Etym as printed in LR, entry RINGI.

ringë

cold

ringë adj. "cold", also ringa (which form is to be preferred; cf. Ringarë in LotR). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, ringë is also given as a noun "cold pool or lake (in mountains)", but according to VT46:11 this noun should read ringwë. (RINGI)

réna

edge, border, margin

réna noun "edge, border, margin" (REG)

ríma

edge, hem, border

ríma noun "edge, hem, border" (RĪ)

sanga

crowd, press, throng

sanga (þ) noun "crowd, press, throng" (STAG, SA:thang, LT2:342; pl. sangar (?) twice in Narqelion). In Sangahyando (þ) masc. name "Throng-cleaver", name of a man in Gondor _(SA:thang; a footnote in Letters:425 explains that "throng" here means a closely formed body of enemy soldiers. In the Etymologies, stems STAG, SYAD, _sangahyando is said to be a swordname, and LT2:342 likewise defines the word as a name of Turambar's sword: "cleaver of throngs, Throng-cleaver".)

sívë

peace

sívë (2) noun "peace" (VT44:35)

sívë

noun. peace

yelwa

cold

yelwa (2) adj. "cold" (LT1:260 this "Qenya" word is apparently obsoleted by # 1 above. In LotR-style Quenya, the regular term for "cold" seems to be ringa.)

hríma

noun. edge, hem, border

lina

adjective. many

A neologism for “many” derived from the root √LI. I’ve deprecated this word in favor of attested ᴹQ. lia.

loeg

noun. pool

@@@ as suggested by Lokyt, possibly a plural form of unattested log, since it is glossed in the plural in the source material: “pools”

(g)lan

root. rim, edge, border, boundary

A root appearing in Tolkien’s notes on The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from 1967-69, glossed “rim, edge, border, boundary” and with numerous derivatives of similar meaning (VT42/8). Tolkien coined this root to explain the river name S. Glanduin, which he translated as “Border-river” in this context. In these same notes (or perhaps other notes that were close contemporaries) Tolkien also said the Sindarin name of the Mering Stream in Rohan was S. Glanhír “Boundary Stream” (UT/318).

The Sindarin and Telerin derivatives of this root have an initial gl-, with the sole exception of S. lanc/T. lanca “sharp edge, sudden end”. According to Tolkien: “It is debated whether gl- was an initial group in Common Eldarin or was a Telerin-Sindarin innovation (much extended in Sindarin)”. For the purpose of Neo-Eldarin, I think it is probably best to assume the gl- is from Common Eldarin, to keep this root distinct from √LAN which in earlier writing was the basis for various words having to do with threads and weaving (PE17/60; Ety/LAN).

-lī

suffix. many

kegyā

noun. hedge

li

root. many

This root was connected to words for “many” throughout Tolkien’s life. In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s it appeared as ᴱ√LĪ, with variant ᴱ√ILI “many” and extended form ᴱ√LIYA (LI + ya) “unite many as one” with derivatives like ᴱQ. lia- “entwine” and ᴱQ. liante “tendril” (QL/42, 53). In later writings there is no sign of the inversion √IL “many” (later √IL meant “all”), whereas ᴱ√LIYA seems to have shifted to unrelated ᴹ√SLIG with derivatives like ᴹQ. lia “fine thread, spider filament” and ᴹQ. liante “spider” (Ety/SLIG).

The base root ᴹ√LI “many” did reappear in The Etymologies of the 1930s, however (Ety/LI), and √LI “many” appeared again in etymological notes from the late 1960s (VT48/25). The long-standing connection between this root and the Quenya (partitive) plural suffixes indicates its stability in Tolkien’s mind.

ringi

root. cold

Tolkien used very similar forms for Elvish words for “cold” for all of his life. The earliest iteration of this root was unglossed ᴱ√RIŊI in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. rin (ring-) “dew” and ᴱQ. ringa “damp, cold, chilly” (QL/80). The root had similar derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. rî “coolness, cool” and G. ring “cool, cold” (GL/65). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave the root {ᴹ√RINGĀ >>} ᴹ√RINGI “cold” with derivatives like ᴹQ. ringe/N. rhing “cold” (Ety/RINGI; EtyAC/RINGI). Primitive forms ✶riñgi “chill” and ✶riñgā appeared in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from the early 1950s (PE21/80), and Christopher Tolkien mentioned √ring as the basis for cold words in the Silmarillion Appendix (SA/ring).

rip

root. *strip, stripe, rim

ella

noun/adjective. Elf

ello

noun. Elf

glana

noun. edge, rim