-sta (1) "your", dual 2nd person possessive pronominal ending: "of you two" (VT49:45, 16), cf. -stë (q.v.) Genitive -sto in veryanwesto "of your wedding" (VT49:45) and tengwiesto "of your reading" (VT49:47), allative -stanna in parmastanna "on your book" (VT49:47). An archaic ending of similar form could also be the third person dual "of the two of them" (but according to VT49:51, the corresponding subject ending was changed to -ttë, and then the ending for "their" would presumably become -tta)
Quenya
-sta
suffix. land, *part, *part; [ᴹQ.] close grouping, land
-sta
suffix. verbal noun suffix
-sta
suffix. your (dual)
-sta
suffix. their (dual)
-sta
your
-sta
northlands
-sta (2) ending occurring in the names of certain lands(VT43:15), e.g. the Forostar or "Northlands" of Númenor (UT:165)
-sta
suffix. {verbal noun}
-twa
suffix. their (dual)
-tya
suffix. their (dual)
osta
one seventh
osta (1) fraction "one seventh" (1/7). Also otosta, otsat. (VT48:11)
-tta
suffix. their (dual)
ca(na)sta
fraction. one fourth, one fourth, *quarter
A word appearing as kanasta, kasta, or kansat “1/4” in notes on numbers from the late 1960s, a combination of canta “four” with the fractional suffix -sta.
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s had ᴱQ. kantasto “quarter, [one] fourth” with adjective form ᴱQ. kantast(y)a (PE14/51, 84), combinations with the 1920s fractional suffix ᴱQ. -sto.
ne(re)sta
fraction. one ninth
A word appearing as neresta, nesta, or nersat “1/9” in notes on numbers from the late 1960s, a combination of nertë “nine” with the fractional suffix -sta.
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s had ᴱQ. huetto or huesto “[one] 9th” with adjective forms ᴱQ. huetya or huest(y)a (PE14/51, 84), combinations of ᴱQ. hue “nine” with the 1920s fractional suffix ᴱQ. -sto.
o(to)sta
fraction. one seventh
A word appearing as otosta, osta, or otsat “1/7” in notes on numbers from the late 1960s, a combination of otso “seven” with the fractional suffix -sta.
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s had ᴱQ. otsotto or otsonto “[one] 7th” with adjective forms ᴱQ. otsotta or otsottya (PE14/51, 84), combinations with the 1920s fractional suffix ᴱQ. -tto/-nto/-sto.
to(lo)sta
fraction. one eighth
A word appearing as tolosta, tosta, or tolsat “1/8” in notes on numbers from the late 1960s, a combination of toldo “eight” with the fractional suffix -sta.
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s had ᴱQ. toltosto “[one] 8th” with adjective form ᴱQ. toltost(y)a (PE14/51, 84), combinations of ᴱQ. tolto “eight” with the 1920s fractional suffix ᴱQ. -sto.
-cca
your
[-cca ("k") ?"your", apparently an abandoned 2nd person plural or dual possessive (VT49:49). Compare -lca.]
-cca Archaic
suffix. your (dual)
-lca
your
[-lca ("k") ?"your", apparently an abandoned 2nd person plural possessive (VT49:49). Cf. -cca.]
-lda
your
-lda (1) "your", 2nd person pl. possessive suffix (VT49:16). Onnalda *"your child" (VT49:42). In an earlier manuscript, this ending was used for singular "you" instead, attested in the phrase Arwen vanimalda "Arwen your beauty", sc. "O beautiful Arwen", and in meletyalda "your majesty" (WJ:369) Arwen vanimalda was however changed to Arwen vanimelda in the second edition of LotR, Tolkien reinterpreting the last word (see vanimalda). The ending for singular "your" appears as -lya elsewhere. (LotR1:II ch. 6)
-lda
suffix. your (dual)
-lla
suffix. your (dual)
-tya,
your, thy
-tya, pronominal ending, 2nd person sg. intimate/familiar "your, thy" (VT49:16, 38, 48); compare -tyë
-xa Archaic
suffix. your (dual)
Forostar
northlands
Forostar place-name, the "Northlands" of Númenor (UT:165)
amya-
verb. [unglossed]
arra
adjective. [unglossed]
cairë
?. [unglossed]
canasta
one fourth
canasta ("k")fraction "one fourth" (1/4). Also cansat, casta (VT48:11)
cansat
one fourth
cansat ("k")fraction "one fourth" (1/4). Also canasta, casta (VT48:11)
cansat
fraction. one fourth
casta
one fourth
casta (1) ("k")fraction "one fourth" (1/4). Also canasta, cansat (VT48:11)
conta-
verb. [unglossed]
cúma
noun. [unglossed]
felca
adjective. [unglossed]
felehta-
verb. [unglossed], *to excavate, tunnel, mine
An untranslated form appearing in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 derived from the root √PHELEG/PHELEK (PE17/118), possibly a verb derived from ✱phelektā- or ✱phelegtā-. The derivatives of this root had to do with mines and tunnels, so perhaps this verb meant “✱to excavate, tunnel, mine”.
finca
noun. [unglossed]
hendas
?. [unglossed]
hindo
noun. [unglossed]
hindë
noun. [unglossed]
holdë
noun. [unglossed]
hríva
place name. [unglossed]
háro
?. [unglossed]
lingi-
verb. [unglossed]
maitya
?. [unglossed]
malsa
?. [unglossed]
melya-
verb. [unglossed], *to be in love
máriel
feminine name. [unglossed]
naue
?. [unglossed]
neresta
one ninth
neresta fraction "one ninth" (1/9), also nesta, nersat. (VT48:11)
nersat
one ninth
nersat fraction "one ninth" (1/9), also neresta, nesta (VT48:11)
nersat
fraction. one ninth
nesta
one ninth
nesta fraction "one ninth" (1/9), also neresta, nersat (VT48:11)
níva
?. [unglossed]
otosta
one seventh
otosta fraction "one seventh" (1/7). Also osta, otsat. (VT48:11)
otsat
one seventh
otsat fraction "one seventh" (1/7). Also otosta, osta (VT48:11)
otsat
fraction. one seventh
sal-
verb. [unglossed]
sélo
?. [unglossed]
sóla
?. [unglossed]
thar- Archaic
verb. [unglossed]
tolosta
one eighth
tolosta fraction "one eighth" (1/8). Also tolsat, tosta. (VT48:11)
tolsat
one eighth
tolsat fraction "one eighth" (1/8). Also tolosta, tosta. (VT48:11)
tolsat
fraction. one eighth
tomba
noun. [unglossed]
tompë
noun. [unglossed]
tosta
one eighth
tosta fraction "one eighth" (1/8). Also tolosta, tolsat (VT48:11)
um(ba)-
prefix. [unglossed]
umbacarin
noun. [unglossed]
éna
?. [unglossed]
úpa-
verb. [unglossed]
þúna Archaic
?. [unglossed]
A collective suffix appearing in words like quentasta “historical account” = “any particular arrangement (by some author) of a series of records or evidences” (VT39/16). In 1998 Carl Hostetter suggested it was connected to the Sindarin class plural suffix -ath (VT39/20 note #27), a suggestion that was confirmed by the 2013 publication of Primitive Quendian Structure (written by Tolkien in 1936), which had -tta, -sta being Quenya suffixes for “close grouping” connected to the Ilkorin and Noldorin class plural -ath, both vaguely related to duals (PE21/57).
However, the root √SAT also meant “space, place; divide, mark off” (VT42/19) or “divide, apportion”, and as such -sta sometimes meant “part” as in fraction words like nel(d)esta “one third”, or in names of the regions within Númenor such as Orrostar “Eastlands” or Forostar “Northlands” (UT/165), more literally “✱East-parts” and “✱North-parts”. Compare also asta “month” = “year-part” (LotR/1108; VT48/11). That means the suffix -sta sometimes means “collection” and sometimes means “division”, depending on context.
Conceptual Development: Fraction words in the 1920s used ᴱQ. -sto or -nto (PE14/51, 84).