al-

prefix. not

pref. not. >> alfirin

al-

well

pref. #well. Q. al(a)-. . This gloss was rejected.

al-

prefix. no, not

Cognates

• Q. al(a)- “in-, un-, not; †-less, without”

Derivations

• √LA “no, not; negative; not to be”

Element in

• S. alfirin “immortal, (lit.) not dying; a species of flower” ✧ PE17/101
• ᴺS. alhad “nowhere”
• ᴺS. allu “never”
• ᴺS. alnad “nothing”
• ᴺS. alphen “no one, nobody”
• ᴺS. alben “no one”

Variations

• al- ✧ PE17/101

al-

prefix. well, happily

Cognates

• Q. al(a)- “well, happily” ✧ PE17/146; PE17/172

Derivations

• √AL(A) “good (physically), blessed, fortunate, prosperous, health(y)” ✧ PE17/146

Element in

• S. albeth “(word of) good omen” ✧ PE17/146
• S. alfirin “immortal, (lit.) not dying; a species of flower” ✧ PE17/146
• S. alwed “prosperous, fortunate” ✧ PE17/146

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√ALA > al-	[al-]	✧ PE17/146

Variations

• al- ✧ PE17/146; PE17/172 (al-)

al

not

al- (prefix) as in alfirin "not-mortal", immortal.

al

not

(prefix) as in alfirin "not-mortal", immortal.

mae

well

_ adv. _well. >> mael

mael

adjective. well

_ adj. _well. adjective << adverb. >> mae

maer

good

adj. good, proper, excellent. Q. mára good, proper, Q. maira excellent. >> mae-. This gloss was rejected.

pen-

-less

pref. -less. >> penadar

mael

adjective. well

Derivations

• √MAG “good (physically); to thrive, be in a good state, good (physically); to thrive, be in a good state; [ᴹ√] use, handle” ✧ PE17/162

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√MAGA > mael	[magla] > [maɣla] > [maila] > [mail] > [mael]	✧ PE17/162

û

adverb/interjection. no, not, no, not, [G.] nor

Derivations

• ✶ū “primitive negative interjection” ✧ PE17/144
  • √Ū “denial of fact, privation, negative element, denial of fact, privation, negative element, [ᴱ√] not” ✧ PE17/143

Element in

• S. ú- “no, not, negative; impossible, no, not, negative; impossible; [N.] bad-” ✧ PE17/144

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ū > û	[ū]	✧ PE17/144

dae

adverb. very

Derivations

• √DAY “*great”

law

adverb. not

Derivations

• √LA “no, not; negative; not to be”

bain

good

_ adj. _good, wholesome, blessed, fair (esp. of weather). . This gloss was rejected.

baw

interjection. no, don't!

ma

adjective. good

_ adj. _good. Archaic and obsolete except as interjection 'good, excellent, that's right'.

mae

adverb. well

mae

adverb. well

adv. well. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'.

maer

good

_ adj. _good.

pen-

-less

pref. -less. Q. _pen _without, not having. . This gloss was rejected.

seregon

noun. "Blood of Stone", a plant of the kind called in English "stonecrop", with deep red flowers, that grew on Amon Rûdh

ú

prefix. no, not (negative prefix or particle)

û

interjection. no

adv. or interj. no, not (of fact).

an-

very

(as adverbial prefix) an-, as in:

an-

very

as in:

ava

will not

(i ava, in avar).

baw!

no

! (interjection expressing refusal or prohibition, not denying facts) baw! (dont!) Prefix

baw!

no

(don’t!) Prefix

dae

very

dae (exceedingly). Lenited dhae.

dae

very

(exceedingly). Lenited dhae.

eithel

well

(= source) eithel (spring, issue of water), pl. eithil

eithel

well

(spring, issue of water), pl. eithil

galas

plant

galas (i **alas) (growth), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. galassath**

galas

plant

(i ’alas) (growth), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. galassath

gú

no, not

also ú

gú

no, not

gú-, also ú-

mae

well

(adverb) mae (lenited vae).

mae

well

(lenited vae).

maer

good

_(”useful” of things _ not of moral qualities) maer (lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, useful). For ”good” as an adjective describing human qualities, the word fael ”fair-minded, just, generous” may be considered.

maer

good

(lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, useful). For ”good” as an adjective describing human qualities, the word fael ”fair-minded, just, generous” may be considered.

said

not common

(lenited haid; no distinct pl. form) (separate, private, excluded) (VT42:20)

ú

not

(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (followed by lenition, e.g. ú-chebin ”I do not keep”) (without). Verb

ú

not

u- (followed by lenition, e.g. ú-chebin ”