Angamando

iron-gaol

Angamando place-name "Iron-gaol", Sindarin Angband(MR:350). The Etymologies gives Angamanda "Angband, Hell", lit. "Iron-prison" (MBAD, VT45:33). In deleted material in the Etymologies, the Quenya name of Angband was Angavanda (VT45:6); cf. vanda #2. Older "Qenya" has Angamandu "Hells of Iron" (or pl. Angamandi) (LT1:249).

angamando

place name. Iron Prison, Iron-gaol

The Quenya form of S. Angband (MR/350), a compound of anga “iron” and mando “prison”.

Conceptual Development: This name first appeared as ᴱQ. Eremandu and (plural) Angamandi “Hells of Iron”, the first of these using another word for “iron”: ᴱQ. ere(n) (QL/36, LT1/77). At this early stage, the second element was ᴱQ. mandu “hell” (QL/58). In The Etymologies from the 1930s, it was replaced by the singular form ᴹQ. Angamanda “Iron Prison” (Ety/MBAD), eventually altered to Angamando in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (MR/350).

Cognates

• S. Angband “Iron Prison” ✧ MR/350; MRI/Angband; SA/band

Elements

Word	Gloss
anga	“iron”
mando	“custody, safe keeping; prison, duress”

mando

custody, safe keeping

mando noun "custody, safe keeping" (MR:350) or "prison, duress" (in Mandos, see below, also compare Angamando being translated 'Iron-Gaol') (SA:band). A variant #manda occurs in the place-name Angamanda (see Angamando). Personal name Mando "the Imprisoner or Binder", usually lengthened Mandos. In a deleted version of the entry MBAD of the Etymologies, Tolkien gave mando the meaning "doomsman, judge" instead of "custody" (MBAD (ÑGUR, GOS/GOTH, SPAN), VT45:33)

anga

iron

anga noun "iron", also name of tengwa #7 (ANGĀ, Appendix E, SA, PM:347, LT1:249, 268). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, anga was the name of letter #19, which tengwa Tolkien would later call noldo instead (VT45:6). Masc. names Angamaitë "Iron-handed" (Letters:347), Angaráto "Iron-champion", Sindarin Angrod(SA:ar(a) ). See also Angamando, tornanga and cf. Angainor as the name of the chain with which Melkor was bound (Silm)

anga

noun. iron

Cognates

• T. anga “iron” ✧ PM/347
• S. ang “iron” ✧ PM/347; SA/anga

Derivations

• ✶angā “iron” ✧ PM/347
  • √ANGA “iron”

Element in

• Q. Angainor ✧ SA/anga
• Q. Angamaitë “Iron-handed” ✧ PM/347
• Q. Angamando “Iron Prison, Iron-gaol”
• Q. Angaráto “*Iron Champion” ✧ PM/347
• Q. Artanga “*Noble Iron”
• ᴺQ. angaraxa “train”
• ᴺQ. angatië “railway line, railroad track, (lit.) iron-road”
• ᴺQ. angamendar “train station, (lit.) iron way-stop”
• Q. tornanga “hard-iron, iron hard, iron hard; hard-iron, *steel” ✧ PE17/056

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶angā > anga	[aŋgā] > [aŋga]	✧ PM/347

erë

iron

erë, eren noun "iron" or "steel"; Eremandu variant of Angamandu (Angband) (LT1:252; "iron" should be anga in LotR-style Quenya, but erë, eren may still be used for "steel". See also yaisa.)

angband

place name. Iron Prison

The fortress of Morgoth in the North, translated “Iron Prison” (WJ/15), a compound of ang “iron” and band “prison” (SA/ang, band).

Conceptual Development: The name G. Angband appeared in the earliest Lost Tales, but in these early stories it was translated “Hells of Iron” (LT2/77, GL/19). This translation persisted into Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/13, LR/259). However, N. Angband was translated “Iron Prison” in The Etymologies (Ety/MBAD), and this was the usual interpretation in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (MR/305, WJ/15). Christopher Tolkien gave both translations in the Silmarillion Index (SI/Angband).

Cognates

• Q. Angamando “Iron Prison, Iron-gaol” ✧ MR/350; MRI/Angband; SA/band

Elements

Word	Gloss
ang	“iron”
band	“prison, custody, duress, prison, custody, [N.] duress; [ᴱN.] hell”

angren

adjective. of iron

ang

noun. iron

ang

noun. iron

Cognates

• Q. anga “iron” ✧ PM/347; SA/anga

Derivations

• ✶angā “iron” ✧ PM/347
  • √ANGA “iron”

Element in

• S. Angband “Iron Prison” ✧ SA/anga
• S. Angbor “*Iron-fist”
• S. Anghabar “Iron-delvings” ✧ SA/anga
• S. Anglachel “*Iron-of-the-flaming-star” ✧ SA/anga
• S. Angmar “*Iron Home” ✧ RC/020
• S. angren “of iron” ✧ SA/anga
• S. Angrist “Iron-cleaver” ✧ SA/anga
• S. Angrod “*Iron Champion” ✧ SA/anga
• S. Angruin “Iron Fire”
• S. Anguirel “*Iron-of-the-fiery-star” ✧ SA/anga
• S. Gurthang “Iron of Death” ✧ SA/anga
• ᴺS. hadang “javelin, (lit.) hurling iron”
• ᴺS. thornang “steel”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶angā > ang	[aŋgā] > [aŋga] > [aŋg] > [aŋ]	✧ PM/347

angren

of iron

(pl. engrin);

ang

iron

ang; adj.

ang

iron

; adj.

angwedh

iron-bond

(pl. engwidh)

band

custody

band (i mand, o mband; construct ban) (prison, safekeeping, duress, doom, hell), pl. baind (i mbaind), coll. pl. bannath.

band

custody

(i mand, o mband; construct ban) (prison, safekeeping, duress, doom, hell), pl. baind (i mbaind), coll. pl. bannath.

anga

noun. iron

Cognates

• Q. anga “iron” ✧ PM/347

Derivations

• ✶angā “iron” ✧ PM/347
  • √ANGA “iron”

anga

root. iron

The root √ANGA was established as the Primitive Elvish root for “iron” quite early in Tolkien’s writing, with the derivatives Q. anga and S. ang. The form ANGA appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/31) serving as both the root and the Early Qenya form, and G. ang appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/19). The root ᴹ√ANGĀ reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/ANGĀ), and it appeared once more in notes associated with The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968 (PM/366).

Derivatives

• ✶angā “iron”
  • Q. anga “iron” ✧ PM/347
  • S. ang “iron” ✧ PM/347
  • T. anga “iron” ✧ PM/347

angā

noun. iron

Derivations

• √ANGA “iron”

Derivatives

• Q. anga “iron” ✧ PM/347
• S. ang “iron” ✧ PM/347
• T. anga “iron” ✧ PM/347

angren

adjective. of iron

ang

noun. iron

ang

noun. iron

Cognates

• ᴹQ. anga “iron” ✧ Ety/ANGĀ

Derivations

• ᴹ√ANGA “iron” ✧ Ety/ANGĀ

Element in

• N. Angband “Iron Prison, Hells of Iron”
• N. Angbor
• N. Angmar
• N. angren “of iron” ✧ Ety/ANGĀ
• N. Angrobel “Irongarth”
• N. Angrist “Iron-cleaver”
• N. Angrod
• N. angwedh “chain, fetter, (lit.) iron-bond” ✧ Ety/WED

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√ANGĀ > ang	[aŋgā] > [aŋga] > [aŋg] > [aŋ]	✧ Ety/ANGĀ