araf

noun. wolf, dog

Changes

• aram → araf “swift dog, wolf, small dog” ✧ EtyAC/ƷARAM
• araf → araf “dog” ✧ EtyAC/ƷARAM

Cognates

• ᴹQ. harma “wolf, hound” ✧ Ety/ƷARAM; EtyAC/ƷARAM

Derivations

• ᴹ√ÑGARAM “*wolf” ✧ Ety/ƷARAM

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√ƷARAM > araf	[ɣaramā] > [aramā] > [arama] > [aram] > [arav]	✧ Ety/ƷARAM

Variations

• aram ✧ EtyAC/ƷARAM (aram)

garaf

noun. wolf

garaf

noun. wolf

A noun for “wolf” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√ÑGARAM (Ety/ÑGAR(A)M).

Conceptual Development: This word seems to have replaced N. araf or aram derived from the rejected root ᴹ√ƷARAM with various glosses like “wolf” or (small or swift) “dog” (Ety/ƷARAM; EtyAC/ƷARAM). This in turn may be a later iteration of G. harog or harw “wolf” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with feminine variant G. harach “a she-wolf” (GL/48).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. narmo “wolf” ✧ Ety/ÑGAR(A)M

Derivations

• ᴹ√ÑGARAM “*wolf” ✧ Ety/ÑGAR(A)M

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√ÑGAR(A)M > garaf	[ŋgaramo] > [garamo] > [garam] > [garav]	✧ Ety/ÑGAR(A)M

draug

noun. wolf

draug

noun. wolf

Cognates

• ᴹQ. ráka “wolf” ✧ Ety/DARÁK

Derivations

• ᴹ✶d’rāk ✧ Ety/DARÁK
  • ᴹ√DARAK “*wolf” ✧ Ety/DARÁK

Element in

• N. Draugluin “Werewolf”
• En. Draugluin “Werewolf Pale”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶d’rāk > draug	[darā́ka] > [drāka] > [drǭka] > [drouka] > [drauka] > [drauk] > [draug]	✧ Ety/DARÁK

gaul

noun. wolf-howl