au- (1) a verbal prefix "off, *away", as in auciri ("k") "cut off" (so as to get rid of or lose a portion); contrast hóciri (WJ:366, 368). Compare au as a variant of the stem awa "away from" (VT49:24) and the adverb au (see #2 below).
Quenya
au-
without
au-
off, *away
au-
prefix. away (from)
Cognates
- T. au- “away” ✧ WJ/365
Derivations
- √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ PE17/024; VT49/24
- ✶awa- “away” ✧ WJ/365
- √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ PE17/143; WJ/365
Element in
- ᴺQ. aucelië “sewer, (lit.) away-flowing”
- Q. aucir- “to cut off (and get rid of or lose a portion)” ✧ WJ/365
- ᴺQ. auhanta “refuse, trash, garbage, (lit.) thing thrown away”
- ᴺQ. aulerya- “to rid, free somebody of something”
- ᴺQ. aumanca- “to sell, (lit.) trade away”
- ᴺQ. aumapando “abductor, (lit.) away-seizer”
- ᴺQ. aumenta- “to dismiss, divorce, (lit.) away-send”
- ᴺQ. aupenya “complete, without lack”
- ᴺQ. aupsar- “to wipe away”
- ᴺQ. auquer- “to reject, (lit.) turn away”
- ᴺQ. ausatië “especially, (lit.) setting aside”
- ᴺQ. autulya- “to deport, (lit.) bring away”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶au/awa > au- [au-] ✧ WJ/365 Variations
- au ✧ VT49/24; WJ/368
- o ✧ VT49/24
au
away
au (2) adv. "away", of position rather than movement (compare oa). PE17:148
ava-
without
ava- (3) prefix "without" (AR2, AWA). In some cases apparently used as a mere negation prefix: The form avalerya in VT41:6 is seemingly a negated form of the verb lerya- "release, set free"; the verb avalerya- is suggested to have the same meaning as the root KHAP = "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty". Likewise, the verb avalatya- from the same source seems to mean "to close, shut", this being a negated form of a verb *latya- "open" (q.v.)
ú
without, destitute of
ú (1) adv. and prep. "without, destitute of" (VT39:14). Usually followed by genitive: ú calo "without light" (cala). In one source, ú is seemingly also used as a negative verb "was not" (VT49:13), but Tolkien revised the text in question.
ú
preposition/adverb. without, destitute of
@@@ with object of the preposition in the genitive: ú calo “without light”
Derivations
- √Ū “denial of fact, privation, negative element, denial of fact, privation, negative element, [ᴱ√] not” ✧ PE17/143
- ✶awa- “away” ✧ PE17/144
- √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ PE17/143; WJ/365
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √Ū > ú [ū] ✧ PE17/143 ✶awa- > ǝu > ū [awa-] > [ū] ✧ PE17/144 Variations
- ū ✧ PE17/143; PE17/144; PE22/168; VT39/14
hó-
away, from, from among
hó- verbal prefix; "away, from, from among", the point of view being outside the thing, place, or group in thought (WJ:368)
nec-
without, -less
nec- prefix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. -enca, q.v.
nec-
prefix. without
Derivations
- √NEK “divide, separate, part; deprive” ✧ PE17/167
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √NEK > nec- [nek-] ✧ PE17/167
-enca
without, -less
-enca suffix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. nec-, q.v.
pen
without, not having
[pen prep. "without, not having" (PE17:171). Cf. Ú #1.]
au- (3) privative prefix, = "without" (AWA)