1) pen (lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited. 2)
Sindarin
ava-
auxillary verb. will not
ava-
verb. will not, do not
Cognates
Derivations
- √BĀ/ABA “refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), [ᴹ√] deny; away, go away, depart” ✧ PE17/143
- ✶aba- “refuse, forbid” ✧ WJ/372
- √BĀ/ABA “refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), [ᴹ√] deny; away, go away, depart” ✧ PE22/163; WJ/370
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶aba- > ava- [aba-] > [ava-] ✧ WJ/372
boda
verb. refuse, forbid
pen-
without
pen
preposition. without, lacking, -less
pen
without
pen
without
(lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited.
ú
without
(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad *”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:
ú
without
u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad ✱”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:
ava
will not
ava- (i ava, in avar).
ava
will not
ava- (i ava, in avar)
ar
without
(adv. prefix) ar- (outside)
ar
without
(outside)
(ben-) _ pref. _without,**less. pen-adar 'fatherless'. >> ben-, ú-