Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Gnomish

barthi

adverb. at home, home

An adverb appearing as barthi, barai in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s and glossed “at home, home”, with a simpler variant G. bar that was likely its basis (GL/21).

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MBARA “dwell, live”

Variations

  • barai ✧ GL/21

barai

adverb. at home, home

bar(n)a-

verb. to dwell in (a land), till (land)

A verb appearing as G. {bartha- >>} bara- or barna- “dwell in, till (tr.)” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/21), clearly derived from the early root ᴱ√MBARA “dwell, live” (QL/63). Its gloss is followed by a parenthentical comment “(land)”. Likely the original sense was “dwell in (a land)”, and from there it gained the sense “✱prepare a landing for dwelling” = “till (land), ✱cultivate”.

Neo-Sindarin: Since √MBAR continues to appear in Tolkien’s later writings, for purposes of Neo-Sindarin I would retain transitive ᴺS. barna- “to till (land), ✱cultivate” with an original sense “to dwell in (a land)”. Given this verb’s association with cultivation, however, I would use the later verb [N.] dortha- as the primary verb for “to dwell, stay, settle, ✱live (in a place)” (Ety/NDOR).

Changes

  • bartha-bara- ✧ GL/21

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MBARA “dwell, live”

Variations

  • bara- ✧ GL/21
  • barna- ✧ GL/21
  • bartha- ✧ GL/21 (bartha-)