Quenya 

wilin

bird

wilin noun "bird" (LT1:273; if this "Qenya" word is to be used in LotR-style Quenya, it must not be confused with the 1st pers. aorist of the verb wil-.)

tambaro

woodpecker

tambaro noun "woodpecker" (TAM)

tuilindo

swallow

tuilindo noun "swallow", etymologically "spring-singer" (TUY, LIN2, LT1:269, LT2:338)

maiwë

gull

maiwë noun "gull" (MIW), pl. maiwi in _Markirya. Cf. also the "Qenya" pl. maiwin "gulls" (MC:213)_

maiwë

noun. gull

A noun for “gull” appearing in its plural form maiwi in the Q. Markirya poem of the 1960s (MC/222). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, ᴹQ. maiwe “gull” was derived from the root ᴹ√MIW “whine” (Ety/MIW).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s the word was ᴱQ. māwe (māwi-) “gull” under the early root ᴱ√MAWA “cry, bleat” (QL/60), also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/60). In Early Qenya Word-lists from the 1920s Tolkien instead had vaiya or {maiwe >>} waiwe “seamew” (PE16/138), but in the version of the ᴱQ. Oilima Markirya poem from circa 1930, Tolkien used maiwe in its nominative plural form maiwin “gulls” (MC/213).

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MIW “whine”

Element in

Variations

  • maiwe ✧ PE22/148 (maiwe)
Quenya [MC/222; PE22/148] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Sindarin 

aewen

adjective. of birds

Sindarin [Linaewen S/434] Group: SINDICT. Published by

aew

noun. (small) bird

Sindarin [Ety/348, S/434] Group: SINDICT. Published by

cuen

small gull

(i guen, o chuen) (petrel), pl. ?cuin (?i chuin) (VT45:24)

gwael

noun. gull

Sindarin [WJ/418] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwael

gull

(i ’wael), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwael)

m

gull

ŷl (i vŷl, construct myl), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mŷl).

maew

gull

1) maew (i vaew), no distinct pl. except with article (i maew), coll. pl. maewrim; 2) gwael (i **wael), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwael), 3) mŷl (i vŷl, construct myl), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mŷl**).

maew

noun. gull

A noun for “gull” first appearing as N. maew in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√MIW “whine” (Ety/MIW). It appeared in later notes as an archaic genitive plural maewion in the phrase S. †glim maewion “(the) voices of gulls” (PE17/97). Its class plural mewrim seems to have appeared in S. Ras Mewrim “✱Cape of the Gulls”, an alternate name for S. Bar-in-Mŷl “Home of the Gulls” (WJ/190). If so, the vowel e would be the result of the sound change whereby ae sometimes became e in polysyllables.

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MIW “whine”

Element in

Sindarin [PE17/097; WJ/190] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maew

gull

(i vaew), no distinct pl. except with article (i maew), coll. pl. maewrim

mŷl

noun. gull

Sindarin [WJ/379-380, WJ/418] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mŷl

noun. gull

A word for “gull” in the name S. Bar-in-Mŷl “Home of the Gulls” (WJ/379); its singular and plural forms would be the same. It might be derived from ✱miulē < ᴹ√MIW “whine”, the basis for other “gull” words, since iu became ȳ in Sindarin. I’d recommend using the better attested S. maew “gull” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MIW “whine”

Element in

paen

small gull

(i baen, o phaen) (petrel), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phaen). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” poen, VT45:24.

aew

bird

(small bird) 1) aew. No distinct pl. form. 2) fileg, pl. filig; the form filigod appears as an alternative singular. or

aew

bird

. No distinct pl. form.

fileg

bird

pl. filig; the form filigod appears as an alternative singular.

aewen

of birds

pl. aewin.

heledir

kingfisher

(bird) heledir (i cheledir, o cheledir), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i cheledir). Since the final element is derived from primitve -tirno, it may be that the otherwise lost final n would be preserved in the coll. pl. ?heledirnath. The literal meaning of the word is ”fish-watcher”.

heledir

kingfisher

(i cheledir, o cheledir), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i cheledir). Since the final element is derived from primitve -tirno, it may be that the otherwise lost final n would be preserved in the coll. pl. ?heledirnath. The literal meaning of the word is ”fish-watcher”.

emlinn

yellowhammer

(= "yellow singer"); no distinct pl. form. Also emelin, no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emelinnath. Adj.

tuilinn

swallow

(etymologically ”spring-singer”) *tuilinn (i duilinn, o thuilinn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thuilinn). Form normalized from tuilind in source; the latter would be an archaic form.

tuilinn

swallow

(i duilinn, o thuilinn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thuilinn). Form normalized from tuilind in source; the latter would be an archaic form.

Noldorin 

fileg

noun. small bird

Noldorin [Ety/381] Singular formed by analogy. Group: SINDICT. Published by

filigod

noun. small bird

Noldorin [Ety/381] Group: SINDICT. Published by

aew

noun. (small) bird

Noldorin [Ety/348, S/434] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tuilin

noun. swallow (bird)

Noldorin [Ety/395, X/ND4] "spring-singer". Group: SINDICT. Published by

tuilind

noun. swallow (bird)

Noldorin [Ety/395, X/ND4] "spring-singer". Group: SINDICT. Published by

tuilinn

noun. swallow (bird)

Noldorin [Ety/395, X/ND4] "spring-singer". Group: SINDICT. Published by

heledir

noun. kingfisher (bird)

Noldorin [Ety/363, Ety/386, Ety/394] "fish-watcher". Group: SINDICT. Published by

heledirn

noun. kingfisher (bird)

Noldorin [Ety/363, Ety/386, Ety/394] "fish-watcher". Group: SINDICT. Published by

tafr

noun. woodpecker (bird)

Noldorin [Ety/390] "knocker". Group: SINDICT. Published by

tavor

noun. woodpecker (bird)

Noldorin [Ety/390] "knocker". Group: SINDICT. Published by

tavr

noun. woodpecker (bird)

Noldorin [Ety/390] "knocker". Group: SINDICT. Published by

emelin

noun. yellow bird, "yellow hammer"

Noldorin [Ety/386] Group: SINDICT. Published by

emlin

noun. yellow bird, "yellow hammer"

Noldorin [Ety/386] Group: SINDICT. Published by

emmelin

noun. yellow bird, "yellow hammer"

Noldorin [Ety/386] Group: SINDICT. Published by

maew

noun. gull

Noldorin [Ety/373] Group: SINDICT. Published by

maew

noun. gull

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. maiwe “gull” ✧ Ety/MIW

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MIW “whine” ✧ Ety/MIW

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MIW > maew[maiwe] > [maiw] > [maew]✧ Ety/MIW

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

oio

noun. bird

maiwe

noun. gull

Cognates

  • N. maew “gull” ✧ Ety/MIW

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MIW “whine” ✧ Ety/MIW

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MIW > maiwe[maiwe]✧ Ety/MIW

Middle Primitive Elvish

lak

root. swallow

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “swallow” with variant ᴹ√LANK and derivatives ᴹQ. lanko/N. lhanc “throat” (Ety/LAK¹, LANK), the latter an element in N. tarlanc “stiff-necked, obstinate” (Ety/TÁRAG). This last word was changed to S. tarlang in Tolkien’s later writings (PE17/92; RC/536), consistent with an earlier but rejected form ᴹ√LANG for ᴹ√LANK in The Etymologies (Ety/LANK).

In later writings, Q. lango/S. lang meant “neck” rather than “throat”, so it is tempting to retain ᴹ√LAK for “throat” and other swallow-words. But it would be very confusing to have such similar but unrelated words for “neck” and “throat”, so I recommend using the root ᴹ√SLUK for “swallow” instead, and Q. lango, S. lang for both “neck” and “throat”.

Changes

  • LANG → LANK ✧ Ety/LANK
  • LAK¹ → LAK¹ “devour, swallow” ✧ Ety/LAK¹

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. lanko “throat” ✧ Ety/LAK¹; Ety/LANK
  • ᴹQ. lango “throat” ✧ Ety/LANK
  • N. lhanc “throat” ✧ Ety/LANK; Ety/LANK; EtyAC/LAK¹

Element in

  • N. tarlanc “stiff-necked, obstinate” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG

Variations

  • LANK ✧ Ety/LAK¹; Ety/LANK; Ety/TÁRAG
  • LANG ✧ Ety/LANK (LANG)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/LAK¹; Ety/LANK; Ety/TÁRAG; EtyAC/LAK¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lank

root. swallow

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

sluk

root. swallow

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no derivatives (Ety/SLUK).

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. hluc- “to swallow”
  • ᴺQ. hlunco “pharynx, gullet”
  • ᴺS. lhunc “pharynx, gullet”
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/SLUK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

aigli

noun. bird

Cognates

  • Eq. aiwe “bird” ✧ GL/17

Derivations

  • ᴱ√AYA ✧ GL/17
Gnomish [GL/17; GL/32] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bil

noun. bird

A word for “bird” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing next to G. bilinc “sparrow”, but this word was deleted and the gloss for bilinc was expanded to “a small bird, especially sparrow” (GL/22-23). The form bil appeared in a couple other places in the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/23, 31), but seems to represent a “root” rather than a word. Tolkien indicated bil was derived from ᴱ✶du̯il (GL/31), but the exact mechanism whereby du̯- became b- isn’t clear, but a similar change is seen in 1920s ᴱ✶du̯ag- > ᴱT. baga- “beat” and ᴱ✶tu̯ak- > ᴱQ. pak- “apply, attach” (PE14/66).

Changes

  • bil → bilin “bird” ✧ GL/22

Derivations

  • ᴱ√VILI “*air” ✧ GL/22
  • ᴱ✶du(w)il “*bird” ✧ GL/31

Element in

  • G. bilin(c) “small bird, sparrow”
  • G. glindwil “swallow” ✧ GL/39
  • G. biltha- “to flutter, flit” ✧ GL/23

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√bīl- > bil[βil] > [bil]✧ GL/22
ᴱ✶du̯il > bil[dwil] > [bil]✧ GL/31
Gnomish [GL/23; GL/31; GL/39] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glindwil

noun. swallow

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s for the bird “swallow” with variants glindwil and lindwil, a combination of G. glin “sound” and the suffixal form -wil of G. bil bird (GL/39, 54).

Elements

WordGloss
glin“sound, voice, utterance”
bil“bird”

Variations

  • lindwil ✧ GL/31 (lindwil); GL/39; GL/54
Gnomish [GL/31; GL/39; GL/54] Group: Eldamo. Published by

duil

noun. swallow

Derivations

Variations

  • duil ✧ GL/31 (duil)

duilin

masculine name. Swallow

Changes

  • Duilin → Fuilin ✧ LBI/Fuilin
  • Duliglin → Duilin ✧ LT2/203
  • Duliglin → Duilin ✧ LT2I/Duilin

Cognates

Element in

  • G. Nos Duilin “*People of Duilin” ✧ LT2A/Duilin; PE15/22
  • G. Thlim Duilin “*Folk of the Swallow” ✧ PE13/104

Variations

  • Duliglin ✧ LT2/203 (Duliglin); LT2I/Duilin (Duliglin)
Gnomish [LBI/Duilin; LBI/Fuilin; LT2/203; LT2A/Duilin; LT2I/bo-Dhuilin; LT2I/Dhuilon; LT2I/Duilin; PE13/104; PE15/22] Group: Eldamo. Published by

duilinc

noun. swallow

duilin(g)

noun. swallow

Changes

  • duili → duilinc ✧ GL/31

Cognates

  • Eq. tuilindo “swallow, (lit.) spring-singer” ✧ LT2A/Duilin; QL/096

Element in

  • G. Duilin “Swallow” ✧ LT2A/Duilin

Variations

  • duiling ✧ GL/31; QL/096
  • duilinc ✧ GL/31
  • duili ✧ GL/31 (duili)
  • duirilin ✧ GL/31 (duirilin)
  • duilin ✧ GL/39; GL/54
Gnomish [GL/23; GL/31; GL/39; GL/54; LT2A/Duilin; QL/096] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

aiw

noun. bird

Cognates

  • Eq. oive “bird” ✧ PE13/136; PE13/158
Early Noldorin [PE13/136; PE13/158] Group: Eldamo. Published by

duilin

noun. swallow

Changes

  • duilen → duilin ✧ PE13/120

Element in

  • En. urdhuilin “without swallows” ✧ PE13/156

Variations

  • duilen ✧ PE13/120 (duilen)
Early Noldorin [PE13/120; PE13/142; PE13/156] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

du(w)il

noun. *bird

Derivations

Derivatives

  • G. bil “bird” ✧ GL/31
  • G. duil “flight, power of flight; having power of flight, fledged”
  • G. dwindi “a swift (bird)”
  • G. duil “swallow”

Element in

Variations

  • du(u̯)il ✧ GL/22
  • du̯il ✧ GL/31
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/22; GL/31] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

aiwe

noun. bird

Cognates

  • G. aigli “bird” ✧ GL/17

Derivations

  • ᴱ√AYA ✧ GL/17

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√aı̯² > aiwe[ajwē] > [ajwe] > [aiwe]✧ GL/17
Early Quenya [GL/17; PE16/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

oi(we)

noun. bird

oive

noun. bird

Cognates

  • En. aiw “bird” ✧ PE13/136; PE13/158

Variations

  • oi ✧ PE16/132
  • oiwe ✧ PE16/132
Early Quenya [PE13/136; PE13/158; PE16/132] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wilin

noun. bird

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “bird”, derived from the early root ᴱ√GWILI that was the basis for words having to do with flight (QL/104).

Derivations

  • ᴱ√GWILI “*fly” ✧ LT1A/Vilna; QL/104

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√GWILI > ’wilin[gʷilin] > [wilin]✧ QL/104

Variations

  • ’wilin ✧ QL/104
Early Quenya [LT1A/Vilna; QL/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

oi

noun. bird, hen

The word ᴱQ. oi “bird, hen” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the unglossed early root ᴱ√OHO, but Tolkien considered transferring this and related words to ᴱ√OHO “cry” (QL/69). This word also seems to have appeared in an inflected form oïkta in the very early Narqelion poem.

Conceptual Development: In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, Tolkien had ᴱQ. oi and oiwe “bird” (PE16/132), forms that later developed into Q. aiwë “bird”. However, many years later in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from the early 1950s Tolkien had the primitive word ✶kholjē “hen” derived from the root √KHOL “crow, cry aloud”, which seems to be a later iteration of the early oi “hen” word.

Neo-Quenya: Based on ✶kholjē, Gábor Lőrinczi proposed a neologism ᴺQ. holyë “hen” as recorded in the VQP (VQP). I would treat holyë “hen” as exclusively feminine, as opposed to ᴺQ. porocë which can be used both of hens and of chickens generally.

Derivations

  • ᴱ√OHO “*egg” ✧ QL/069

Element in

Early Quenya [QL/069; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by