epe

after

epë

before

epë prep. "before" ("in all relations but time", VT49:32), though the word was glossed "after" when first published (VT42:32; Bill Welden, the writer of the article in question, later presented this correction in VT44:38). The preposition can indeed express "after" when used of time, since the Eldar imagined future time (time that comes after the present) as being "before" them (VT49:12, 32); epë is in this respect a variant of apa, q.v. (Cf. VT49:22.) Compare epessë, q.v. Epë "before" may also be used in comparison (PE17:56, 57), apparently in much the same way as lá #2 (q.v.) (VT42:32)

epë

preposition. after (of time), following; before (in all relations but time)

epetai

conjunction. consequently; (lit.) following which (fact), consequently, *therefore; (lit.) following which (fact)

A conjunction translated “consequently” associated with the Ambidexters Sentence as part of the phrase epetai i hyarma ú ten ulca símaryassen “consequently the left hand was not to them evil in their imaginations” (VT49/8). Tolkien analyzed epetai as epe-ta-i “following which (fact)”, or more literally “✱before-that-which” (VT49/8, 12). It had shorter adverbial variants epeta, epta meaning “following that, thereupon, thence, whereupon” (VT49/12).

Conceptual Development: Earlier versions of the Ambidexters Sentence used etta = “✱out of that” and potai = “✱before-that-which” with (o)po “before” instead of epë.

epetai

consequently

epetai adv. "consequently" (VT49:11). Since this is to contain tai "that which" (epe-ta-i "before that which"), a form Tolkien may later have abandoned, the less problematic synonym etta should perhaps be preferred. Compare potai.

epetai i hyarma ú ten ulca símaryassen

consequently the left hand was not to them evil in their imaginations

Second phrase @@@

| |  I  | II |III|IV|  V  |VI|VII| |{tánen >> ta >> etta >>}|potai| |etta [>> potai]|epetai| |hyarmen|i hyarma| |láne|aune|láne|ú téna|>> ú ten| |“sinister”|ulca| | |{khe >> hela >>} hya úmara| | |{símasse >>}|símaryasse|símaryassen|

epessë

after-name

epessë noun "after-name", nickname, mostly given as a title of admiration or honour (PM:339, UT:266, VT49:12). Cf. essë "name" and epë above.

epeta

following that, thereupon, thence, whereupon

epeta adv. "following that, thereupon, thence, whereupon" (epë + ta #1). Also epta. (VT49:12)

epessë

noun. after-name

epeni

adverb. before

epemat

noun. dessert, (lit.) after-meal

A neologism coined by Luinyelle posted on 2024-01-14 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), a combination of epë “after” and [ᴹQ.] mat (matt-) “meal”.

epeharmo

noun. president

epello

adverb. already

epemma

noun. example

equë

verb. say, says, said

A defective verb in Quenya that meant “say”, “says” or “said”, the only remnant of the verbal function of the ancient root √KWE (WJ/392). This verb is “defective” in the sense that is does not have most verbal inflections:

> It has no tense forms and usually receives no pronominal affixes, being mostly used only before either a proper name (sg. or pl.) or a full independent pronoun, in the senses “say / says” or “said”. A quotation then follows, either direct, or less usually indirect after a “that”-conjunction (WJ/392).

Thus it resembles the English verb “quoth”, which is likewise a defective verb that is not inflected for tense: Eque Manwe = “Quoth Manwe”, which would then be followed by the thing that Manwe said. This difference is that English “quoth” sounds archaic and can only be used of past quotations, whereas Quenya eque is not archaic and can used of either past quotations or habitual quotations: things the speaker regularly says. The only inflections this verb can take are pronominal suffixes, which are attached directly to eque such as equen “said I” or eques “said he”, and such inflections are only used when reporting a dialogue (WJ/415).

Russandol

copper-top

Russandol masc. name "Copper-top", a nickname (epessë) of Maitimo/Nelyafinwë (= Maedhros) (PM:354)

anessë

given (or added) name

anessë noun "given (or added) name" (encompassing both epessi and amilessi) (MR:217)

apa

after

apa (1) prep. "after" (VT44:36), attested as a prefix in apacenyë and Apanónar, q.v. Variant ep- in epessë, q.v.; see epë for futher discussion. (According to VT44:36, apa was glossed "after" and also "before" in one late manuscript, but both meanings were rejected.) See also apa # 2 below. For Neo-Quenya purposes, apa should probably be ascribed the meaning "after", as in our most widely-published sources (compare Apanónar, "the After-born", as a name of Men in the Silmarillion). Variants pa, pá (VT44:36), but like apa these are also ascribed other meanings elsewhere; see separate entry. Apo (VT44:36) may be yet another variant of the word for "after".

epta

epta

epta = epeta, q.v.

potai

therefore

potai adv. "therefore". Tolkien seems uncertain whether to use this form or etta (VT49:12). Cf. also epetai.

ai tó sí ilyama menta hwirya hondoringe fúmenen istarion

alas for now all begins to wither in the breath of cold-hearted wizards

arya

adjective. excelling, *better, *best [with definite article + genitive], excelling, *better, *best [with definite article + genitive]; [ᴺQ.] *prefer [with dative]

A word Tolkien said “functions as comparative ... of mára” in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957, derived from the root √AR “good, excellent, noble”, a root whose precise sense is “good of its kind, excels” (PE17/147). In somewhat later notes, arya was glossed “excelling”, again as a comparative of mára, hence also meaning “✱better” (PE17/57). Tolkien also gave a formula for a superlative “✱best” when used in combination with the definite article i and the genitive, as in i arya atanion “the best of men, (lit.) the [most] excelling of men”.

Neo-Quenya: In a post from 2024-08-14 on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), Vyacheslav Stepanov suggested arya might express “prefer” when used in combination with the dative, as in nás arya nin “I prefer it, (lit.) it is better for me”, analogous to nás mára nin “I like it, (lit.) it is good for me”.

ep(e)ta

adverb. following that, thereupon, thence, whereupon

cata

after

opo

before, ahead, in front of

ala

after, beyond

ala (5) prep. "after, beyond" (MC:221, 214; however, LotR-style Quenya has han and pella "beyond" and apa "after")

apa

preposition. after (of time)

apo

after

apo prep. ?"after" (see apa #1) (VT44:36)

arya

excelling

arya (1) adj. "excelling", used as the comparative form of mára "good", hence "better" (PE17:57). The superlative ("best") is i arya with the article, with genitive to express *"the best of…" Cf. mára.

etta

therefore

etta adv. "therefore" (VT49:12)

nó

before

nó (3) prep. "before" (of time, compare nóvo), "at back" (of spatial relationships). In other conceptual phases, Tolkien also let the word have the opposite meaning "after" (of time) or "in front" (of space). (VT49:32).

opo

before, in front of

opo prep. "before, in front of" (of spatial relationships); "after" (of time), also pó, po or pono, poto (VT49:12, VT44:36, evidently a variant of apa).

po

before, in front of

po, pó prep. "before, in front of" (of spatial relationships) "after" (of time), also opo or pono, poto- (VT49:12, 32, VT44:36; evidently a variant of apa)

quet-

say, speak

quet- vb. "say, speak" (SA:quen-/quet-, LT2:348), sg. aorist quetë in VT41:11 and VT49:19 (spelt "qete" in the latter source), not to be confused with the infinitival aorist stem in the example polin quetë "I can speak" (VT41:6); pl. aorist quetir in VT49:10-11, present tense quéta in VT41:13, pa.t. quentë in PM:401, 404, apparent gerund quetië in VT49:28 (by Tolkien translated as "words", but more literally evidently *"speaking"). Imperative in the command queta Quenya! "speak Quenya!" (PE17:138), see Quenya regarding the meaning of this phrase. The same verb is translated "tell" in the sentence órenya quetë nin "my heart tells me" (VT41:15). Cf. also #maquet-

nollo

adverb. already