epeta adv. "following that, thereupon, thence, whereupon" (epë + ta #1). Also epta. (VT49:12)
Quenya
epe
after
epë
before
epë
preposition. after (of time), following; before (in all relations but time)
Cognates
- S. eb “?before”
Derivations
- ✶epe “after of time; after or behind of place”
Element in
- Q. A anamelda na epë B “A is dear before B” ✧ PE17/057
- Q. A anamelda na ep’ ilya “A is dearest of all” ✧ PE17/057
- Q.
A arimelda na epe B“A is (very much) [dearer] than B” ✧ PE17/057 (A arimelda na epe B)- Q. ancalima ep’ eleni “brighter than stars” ✧ PE17/056
- Q.
arcalima ep’ eleni“far and away brighter than stars” ✧ PE17/056 (arcalima ep’ eleni)- ᴺQ. empatyellë “advancement, progress”
- ᴺQ. epeharmo “president”
- ᴺQ. epemma “example”
- Q. epessë “after-name”
- Q. epetai “consequently, thereupon, thence, whereupon, (lit.) following which (fact)” ✧ VT49/08
Variations
- epe- ✧ PE17/056
- epe ✧ PE17/057; VT42/32; VT49/08; VT49/12; VT49/12; VTE/42
epeta
following that, thereupon, thence, whereupon
epessë
after-name
epessë noun "after-name", nickname, mostly given as a title of admiration or honour (PM:339, UT:266, VT49:12). Cf. essë "name" and epë above.
epessë
noun. after-name
Elements
Word Gloss epë “after (of time), following; before (in all relations but time)” essë “name”
equë
verb. say, says, said
A defective verb in Quenya that meant “say”, “says” or “said”, the only remnant of the verbal function of the ancient root √KWE (WJ/392). This verb is “defective” in the sense that is does not have most verbal inflections:
> It has no tense forms and usually receives no pronominal affixes, being mostly used only before either a proper name (sg. or pl.) or a full independent pronoun, in the senses “say / says” or “said”. A quotation then follows, either direct, or less usually indirect after a “that”-conjunction (WJ/392).
Thus it resembles the English verb “quoth”, which is likewise a defective verb that is not inflected for tense: Eque Manwe = “Quoth Manwe”, which would then be followed by the thing that Manwe said. This difference is that English “quoth” sounds archaic and can only be used of past quotations, whereas Quenya eque is not archaic and can used of either past quotations or habitual quotations: things the speaker regularly says. The only inflections this verb can take are pronominal suffixes, which are attached directly to eque such as equen “said I” or eques “said he”, and such inflections are only used when reporting a dialogue (WJ/415).
Cognates
- T. epë “say, says, said” ✧ WJ/392
Derivations
Element in
- Q. eques “saying, (current or proverbial) dictum, quotation from someone’s uttered words, saying, (current or proverbial) dictum, quotation from someone’s uttered words, *quote, statement” ✧ WJ/392
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶ekwē > eque [ekwē] > [ekwe] ✧ WJ/392 Variations
- eque ✧ WJ/392
nó
before
nó (3) prep. "before" (of time, compare nóvo), "at back" (of spatial relationships). In other conceptual phases, Tolkien also let the word have the opposite meaning "after" (of time) or "in front" (of space). (VT49:32).
po
before, in front of
po, pó prep. "before, in front of" (of spatial relationships) "after" (of time), also opo or pono, poto- (VT49:12, 32, VT44:36; evidently a variant of apa)
apa
after
apa (1) prep. "after" (VT44:36), attested as a prefix in apacenyë and Apanónar, q.v. Variant ep- in epessë, q.v.; see epë for futher discussion. (According to VT44:36, apa was glossed "after" and also "before" in one late manuscript, but both meanings were rejected.) See also apa # 2 below. For Neo-Quenya purposes, apa should probably be ascribed the meaning "after", as in our most widely-published sources (compare Apanónar, "the After-born", as a name of Men in the Silmarillion). Variants pa, pá (VT44:36), but like apa these are also ascribed other meanings elsewhere; see separate entry. Apo (VT44:36) may be yet another variant of the word for "after".
apa
preposition. after (of time)
Cognates
- S. ab “after”
Derivations
- √PĀ/APA “touch; after, behind of place”
Element in
Variations
- apo ✧ VT44/36 (
apo)- pa ✧ VT44/36
- apa ✧ VT44/36 (
apa)
apo
after
apo prep. ?"after" (see apa #1) (VT44:36)
opo
before, in front of
opo prep. "before, in front of" (of spatial relationships); "after" (of time), also pó, po or pono, poto (VT49:12, VT44:36, evidently a variant of apa).
opo
before, ahead, in front of
quet-
say, speak
quet- vb. "say, speak" (SA:quen-/quet-, LT2:348), sg. aorist quetë in VT41:11 and VT49:19 (spelt "qete" in the latter source), not to be confused with the infinitival aorist stem in the example polin quetë "I can speak" (VT41:6); pl. aorist quetir in VT49:10-11, present tense quéta in VT41:13, pa.t. quentë in PM:401, 404, apparent gerund quetië in VT49:28 (by Tolkien translated as "words", but more literally evidently *"speaking"). Imperative in the command queta Quenya! "speak Quenya!" (PE17:138), see Quenya regarding the meaning of this phrase. The same verb is translated "tell" in the sentence órenya quetë nin "my heart tells me" (VT41:15). Cf. also #maquet-
ala
after, beyond
ala (5) prep. "after, beyond" (MC:221, 214; however, LotR-style Quenya has han and pella "beyond" and apa "after")
cata
after
epë prep. "before" ("in all relations but time", VT49:32), though the word was glossed "after" when first published (VT42:32; Bill Welden, the writer of the article in question, later presented this correction in VT44:38). The preposition can indeed express "after" when used of time, since the Eldar imagined future time (time that comes after the present) as being "before" them (VT49:12, 32); epë is in this respect a variant of apa, q.v. (Cf. VT49:22.) Compare epessë, q.v. Epë "before" may also be used in comparison (PE17:56, 57), apparently in much the same way as lá #2 (q.v.) (VT42:32)