eth
pronoun. he, she, it, 3rd sg. pronoun
-eth
suffix. feminine ending
Cognates
- Q. -issë “ending in feminine names” ✧ PM/345
Derivations
- ✶-ittā “ending in feminine names” ✧ PM/345
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶-ittā > -eth [-ittā] > [-itta] > [-ittʰa] > [-iθθa] > [-eθθa] > [-eθθ] > [-eθ] ✧ PM/345 Variations
- -es ✧ PE17/141
- eth ✧ RC/579
est
pronoun. he, she, it, 3rd sg. pronoun
Variations
- est ✧ PE17/046
- eth ✧ VT50/14
- is ✧ VT50/14
e
pronoun. he
e
pronoun. he
Cognates
- ᴹQ. e “he, she, it”
Element in
- S. ar e aníra ennas suilannad mhellyn în phain “and he desires to greet there all his friends” ✧ AotM/062; SD/129
- S. edregol e aníra tírad i Cherdir Perhael (i sennui Panthael estathar aen) Condir i Drann “in especial he desires to see Master Samwise (who should be called Fullwise) Mayor of the Shire” ✧ AotM/062; SD/129
-ien
suffix. feminine ending
An occasional feminine suffix in Sindarin, in one place given as a feminine patronymic (PE17/170) as in the name Lúthien “Daughter of Flowers” (PE17/15, 161). See the entry on the root √YE(L) for a discussion of conceptual vacillations on its connection to “daughter”.
Conceptual Development: In Noldorin it seems N. -ien was simply a feminine suffix in the name N. Lhúthien “Enchantress” (Ety/LUK).
Cognates
- Q. -ien “feminine ending; feminine patronymic, -daughter” ✧ PE17/170
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶(ĭ)ondī > -ien [-iondī] > [-iondi] > [-iœndi] > [-iœnd] > [-iœnn] > [-ienn] > [-ien] ✧ PE17/170
is
pronoun. he, she, it, 3rd sg. pronoun
eth
adverb/adjective. outside
Cognates
- ᴹQ. ette “outside”
Derivations
- √ET “out, forth”
e
he
1) e (SD:128-31), 2) ho, hon, hono. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)
e
he
(SD:128-31)
ho
he
hon, hono. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)*
ar
outside
(adv. prefix) ar- (without)the literal meaning of a word translated SPY (q.v.)
ar
outside
(without)
The meaning "he" is deduced from the apparent function of this word in the so-called "King's Letter", but it also seems possible to interpret it as "indeed" (as in Q. e, LR/63, VT/45:11), used here in a way of formal address expressing the wishes or the will of the King