et

root. out, forth

The various roots for “out” retained similar forms in Tolkien’s development of the Elvish languages. The earliest such roots were ᴱ√ERE and ᴱ√ESE “out” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/36). Tolkien wrote a Ð above ᴱ√ERE indicating its true form was ᴱ√EÐE, as confirmed by Gnomish derivatives like G. edh “outside, near borders of, near, hard by, beside” (GL/31). This root became ᴹ√ET “out, forth” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/ET) and it continued to appear with this form and meaning in Tolkien’s later writings (PE17/152, 167; PE18/88; PE21/70; VT48/25).

et

preposition. out (of), forth

et-kelē

noun. spring, issue of water

et-pel

noun. outer fence

etkoiru-

verb. to come to life

etkuinu-

verb. to awake, wake up

etlendā

adjective. exiled

ettul-

verb. to come out, issue

et-kel

verb. spring out (of water)

et-koiru/et-koilu

verb. come to life

et-kuinu

verb. awake, wake up

enet

root. *one more

A root with the sense “one more” that is an extension of √EN “again”, introduced by Tolkien in his discussion of Elvish numerals from documents written in 1968 (VT47/15-16; VT48/25). One interesting use of this root is in the derivation of the word yunquenta, an alternate word for “thirteen” literally meaning “twelve and one more” = yunque + enta (VT47/15).

kalak

root. glass

A root appearing in etymological notes from 1968 glossed “glass” with Quenya and Telerin derivatives Q./T. calca of the same meaning (VT47/35). It seems to be a late restoration of the much earlier root ᴱ√kail(i)k or ᴱ√tail(i)k that was the basis of “glass” words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s; in this early period the Qenya derivatives began with t- and the Gnomish derivatives with c- [k-] (GL/25). It may also have replaced Q. cilin (< ✱√KILIN?) from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/37). Given its Quenya/Telerin derivatives, √KALAK was probably coined in Aman as was also the case with earlier Q. cilin, since the Sindarin word for “glass” is the unrelated word S. heledh borrowed from Khuzdul (PE17/37).

ay(ar)

root. sea

koiru-

verb. to come to life

koiru

verb. come to life