Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

ferna

noun. mast, beechnuts

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “mast, beechnuts” under the root ᴹ√PHER(EN) “beech” (Ety/BERETH). Most likely the gloss “mast” refers to the fallen nuts or acorns used in ancient times to feed pigs, which was one of the senses of the Old English word “mæst”. The mast of a ship would instead be tyulma (PE21/80; Ety/TYUL).

Cognates

  • On. pherna “mast” ✧ Ety/PHER

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√PHÉREN > ferna[pʰerna] > [ɸerna] > [ferna]✧ Ety/PHER

tyulma

noun. mast

Cognates

  • Ad. sulum “mast” ✧ SD/419

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶tyulmā “mast” ✧ Ety/TYUL; SD/419
    • ᴹ√TYUL “stand up (straight), stand up (straight); [ᴱ√] tall” ✧ Ety/TYUL

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶tyulmā > tyulma[tjulmā] > [tjulma]✧ Ety/TYUL
ᴹ✶kyulumā > tyulma[kjulumā] > [kjulmā] > [tjulmā] > [tjulma]✧ SD/419
Qenya [Ety/TYUL; SD/419] Group: Eldamo. Published by