Quenya 

fírima

mortal

fírima adj. "mortal" (PHIR; firima with a short i in VT46:4); also used as noun: Fírima pl. Fírimar "those apt to die", "mortals", an Elvish name of Mortal Men (WJ:387). This adj. is also the source of an explicit noun, personalized #Fírimo = mortal, mortal man. Pl. Fírimor (VT49:10-11), dative pl. fírimoin "for men" in Fíriel's Song; cf. also the pl. allative fírimonnar in VT44:35.

fírima

proper name. Mortal, (lit.) One Apt to Die

A name of Men as mortal beings (S/102, WJ/387). It is the adjective fírima “mortal” used as a noun.

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, the form of this word was ᴹQ. Fírimo ending with an -o (LR/245). This form also appeared in Fíriel’s Song from the same time period. The form Fírima appeared in the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 (WJ/387), and this was the form used in the published version of The Silmarillion (S/102).

In later writings, the older form form still appeared, however. The form fírimonnar appeared later in a draft version of Alcar mi Tarmenel na Erun, Tolkien’s partial translation of Gloria in Excelsis Deo from the 1950s, but it was eventually replaced with híni “children [of God]”. Also, fírimor appeared in a draft version of the Ambidexters Sentence from the late 1960s, but it did not appear in the final version. Tolkien seems to have vacillated between Fírimo and Fírima in his later writings, but Fírimo was always replaced with something else, while Fírima was allowed to stand.

Cognates

  • S. Fíreb “Mortal” ✧ WJ/387

Derivations

  • PHIR “exhale, expire, breathe out, exhale, expire, breathe out; [ᴹ√] die of natural causes” ✧ WJ/387

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
fírima“mortal, *(lit.) able to die”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
PHIRI > Fírimar[pʰīrimar] > [ɸīrimar] > [fīrimar]✧ WJ/387
Quenya [S/102; SI/Fírimar; VT44/35; VT49/11; WJ/387; WJI/Fíreb] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fírima

adjective. mortal, *(lit.) able to die

A word for “mortal” appearing in the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60, literally meaning “one apt to die” and based on the root √PHIRI “exhale, expire, breathe out” (WJ/387). It is likely based on the verb fir- “to die”. Like English, it can be used as a both an adjective and a noun. It was used as noun in the Quendi and Eldar essay: Fírimar “Mortals”. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, ᴹQ. fírima “mortal” was simply an adjective derived from the root ᴹ√PHIR (Ety/PHIR).

Element in

  • Q. Fírima “Mortal, (lit.) One Apt to Die”

Elements

WordGloss
fir-“to die, fade, †expire, breathe forth”
-ima“-able, possibility, -able, [ᴹQ.] -ible, able to be done, [ᴱQ.] possible”

Variations

  • Fírima ✧ WJ/387

Fírimo

mortal

#Fírimo noun "mortal", see fírima

firya

proper name. Mortal

A shorter variant of Fírima (WJ/219, 387). It is the adjectival form of the root √PHIR produced by the suffix -ya.

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies, the word ᴹQ. firya is glossed “human” and is derived from the same root ᴹ√PHIR (Ety/PHIR).

Cognates

  • S. Feir “Mortal, Mortal, [N.] mortal man” ✧ WJ/219; WJI/Feir; WJ/219

Derivations

  • PHIR “exhale, expire, breathe out, exhale, expire, breathe out; [ᴹ√] die of natural causes” ✧ WJ/387

Derivatives

  • S. Feir “Mortal, Mortal, [N.] mortal man” ✧ WJ/387

Elements

WordGloss
firya“mortal; human, [ᴹQ.] human; [Q.] mortal”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
PHIRI > Firyar[pʰirja] > [ɸirja] > [firja]✧ WJ/387
Quenya [WJ/219; WJ/387; WJI/Feir] Group: Eldamo. Published by