A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “joy, be glad” that is an extension of ᴹ√GALA “thrive” (Ety/GALAS). Its two most notable derivatives were ᴹQ. alasse and N. glass “joy”. The appearance of Q. alassë “happiness” in the so-called “Merin Sentence” (MS), probably written after the publication of The Lord of the Rings, indicates that this root may have remained valid.
Middle Primitive Elvish
galad
root. tree
Derivations
- ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA
Derivatives
Element in
- Ilk. galbreth “beech” ✧ Ety/BERÉTH; Ety/NEL
Variations
- GÁLAD ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD
galas
root. joy, be glad
Changes
GAL(AS)→ GALA “prosperity, abundance, wealth, gladness” ✧ Ety/GALADerivations
- ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA
Derivatives
- ᴺ✶. galast- “marble, (orig.) thing pleasant to touch”
- ᴺQ. alarya- “to be happy or merry, rejoice”
- ᴺQ. alasta- “to be merry, rejoice”
- Q. alassë “happiness, happiness, [ᴹQ.] joy, merriment”
- ᴹQ. alasse “joy, merriment” ✧ Ety/GALÁS
- ᴺQ. alasta- “to make happy, cheer (up)”
- ᴹQ. alla “hail!” ✧ Ety/GALÁS; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
- ᴺS. galtha- “to be glad”
- ᴺS. glaich “merry, joyous, happy”
- N. glass “joy, *happiness” ✧ Ety/BOR; Ety/GALÁS
- ᴺS. glasta- “to make happy”
Variations
- GALÁS ✧ Ety/BOR; Ety/GALÁS
- GAL(AS) ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS) (
GAL(AS))
galā-
verb. to grow
Changes
galā→ golā ✧ PE22/113Derivations
- ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ PE22/098
Derivatives
Variations
- galā ✧ PE22/098; PE22/113 (
galā)- galā́ ✧ PE22/106 (
galā́)
gal
root. grow, thrive
Changes
GAL→ GAL(AS) “grow, thrive, prosper, be healthy, be glad” ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS)Derivatives
- ᴹ✶galā- “to grow” ✧ PE22/098
- ᴹ√GALAD “tree” ✧ Ety/GALA
- Ilk. gald “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD
- ✶galadā “great plant, tree”
- Nan. galad “tree” ✧ PE17/050
- Q. alda “tree, tree, [ᴱQ.] branch” ✧ Let/426; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153; VT39/07
- S. galadh “tree” ✧ Let/426; NM/349; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153; UT/266
- T. galada “tree” ✧ NM/352
- ᴹ✶galadā “tree”
- ᴹQ. alda “tree” ✧ SD/302
- N. galadh “tree” ✧ SD/302
- ✶galādu “thicket”
- ᴹQ. alda “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD
- N. galadh “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD
- ᴹ√GALAS “joy, be glad” ✧ Ety/GALA
- ᴺ✶. galast- “marble, (orig.) thing pleasant to touch”
- ᴺQ. alas “marble”
- ᴺS. glast “marble”
- ᴺQ. alarya- “to be happy or merry, rejoice”
- ᴺQ. alasta- “to be merry, rejoice”
- Q. alassë “happiness, happiness, [ᴹQ.] joy, merriment”
- ᴹQ. alasse “joy, merriment” ✧ Ety/GALÁS
- ᴺQ. alasta- “to make happy, cheer (up)”
- ᴹQ. alla “hail!” ✧ Ety/GALÁS; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
- ᴺS. galtha- “to be glad”
- ᴺS. glaich “merry, joyous, happy”
- N. glass “joy, *happiness” ✧ Ety/BOR; Ety/GALÁS
- ᴺS. glasta- “to make happy”
- ᴹQ. al- “to thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
- ᴹQ. alla “hail!” ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS)
- ᴹQ. almare “blessedness, blessings, good fortune, bliss” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
- ᴹQ. alma “good fortune, weal, wealth, *well-being” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL²; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
- ᴹQ.
alta-“to (make) grow” ✧ EtyAC/GAL²; EtyAC/GAL(AS)- ᴹQ. alwa “well-grown” ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS)
- ᴹQ. alya “rich, prosperous, abundant, blessed” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
- N. gala- “to grow” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL²
- N. galas “growth, plant, plant, growth” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL²
- N. Galdor ✧ Ety/GALA
- N. galw “?increase, growth” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL²
Element in
- N. Galadhor ✧ Ety/GALA
Variations
- GALA ✧ Ety/ÁLAM; Ety/GALA
- GAL ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS) (
GAL); PE22/098- gal- ✧ PE22/113
galadā
noun. tree
Derivations
Derivatives
golā-
verb. to grow
Derivations
- ᴹ√OL “grow”
Derivatives
- ᴹQ. ola- “to grow [up], to grow, grow up, reach its prime, become” ✧ PE22/113
Variations
- golā ✧ PE22/113
ol
root. grow
Derivatives
Variations
- ol ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS) (ol)
The basis for Elvish “tree” words, this root first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as an extension of ᴹ√GALA “thrive” (Ety/GALAD). This replaced the earliest derivation of “tree” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where the Qenya word for “tree” ᴱQ. alda was derived from ᴱ√ALA “spread” (QL/29). In The Etymologies, the Quenya form of this word remained the same, but the 1910s Gnomish words G. âl “wood” and †alwen “tree” (GL/19) became the 1930s Noldorin word N. galadh “tree” (Ety/GALA). Quenya and Sindarin retained these words for “tree” thereafter, and while Tolkien did not mention the root √GALAD again, his continued use of primitive ✶galadā “tree” (Let/426; PE17/153; PE21/74; UT/266) made it clear this root remained valid.