Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Gnomish

ham

noun. ground, level of Earth’s service [surface]

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “ground, level of Earth’s service” (GL/48); the editors suggested that “service” is almost certainly a slip for “surface”. It is clearly a cognate of ᴱQ. han (ham-) “ground, earth”, and so must be derived from the same root ᴱ√HAMA (QL/39).

Cognates

  • Eq. han “ground, earth”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√HAMA “‽”

Element in

  • G. hamra “lowly, lowlying; base” ✧ GL/48
  • G. hamra- “to abase, abash; to humble oneself” ✧ GL/48

pridwir

noun. judge

Derivations