hyellë

glass

hyellë noun "glass" (KHYEL(ES), VT45:23; the later source also provides the unglossed form hyelma, which may be a synonym of hyellë; alternatively hyellë could be "glass" as a substance, whereas hyelma_ rather refers to "a glass" as a drinking vessel). _In later sources, cilin or calca is given as the word for "glass".

calca

glass

calca noun "glass" (VT47:35); compare hyellë, cilin.

calca

noun. glass

Cognates

• T. calca “glass” ✧ VT47/35; VT47/35

Derivations

• √KALAK “glass” ✧ VT47/35

Element in

• ᴺQ. calcata- “to glaze”
• ᴺQ. calcëa “glassy, of glass”
• ᴺQ. hencalcat “eye-glasses, spectacles”
• ᴺQ. moricalca “obsidian, (lit.) black glass”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√KALAK > calca	[kalka]	✧ VT47/35

cilin

glass

cilin noun "glass" ("often used as in English ("often used as in English for any thing or implement made of glass") (PE17:37). Compare calca, hyellë.

cilin

noun. glass, glass [transluscent or reflective]

Element in

• Q. cilintilla “looking-glass, looking-glass, *mirror” ✧ PE17/037
• Q. cilinyul “drinking-vessel (made of glass)” ✧ PE17/037

maril

glass, crystal

maril noun "glass, crystal" (VT46:13; if this is to be the same word as the second element of Silmaril, the stem-form would be marill-, cf. pl. Silmarilli)

heledh

noun. glass

heledh

noun. glass

Cognates

• Kh. kheled “glass” ✧ RS/466

Derivations

• Kh. kheled “glass” ✧ PE17/037; RS/466; SA/khelek

Element in

• ᴺS. heledhren “glassy, like glass, of glass”
• S. Helevorn “Black Glass” ✧ PE17/037; RS/466; SA/khelek

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
Kh. kheled > heleð	[kʰeled] > [xeled] > [xeleð] > [heleð]	✧ PE17/037

Variations

• heleð ✧ PE17/037; RS/466

heledh

'looking-cristal'

{ð} n. 'looking-cristal', looking-glass. >> Nen Cenedril

cenedril

'looking-cristal'

n. 'looking-cristal', looking-glass. >> Nen Cenedril

heledh

glass

heledh (i cheledh, o cheledh), pl. helidh (i chelidh) if there is a pl.

heledh

glass

(i cheledh, o cheledh), pl. helidh (i chelidh) if there is a pl.

calca

noun. glass

Cognates

• Q. calca “glass” ✧ VT47/35; VT47/35

Derivations

• √KALAK “glass” ✧ VT47/35

kheled

noun. glass

Cognates

• S. heledh “glass” ✧ RS/466

Derivatives

• S. heledh “glass” ✧ PE17/037; RS/466; SA/khelek
• S. Helevorn “Black Glass” ✧ PE17/037

Element in

• Kh. Kheled-zâram “Mirrormere” ✧ PE17/037; RS/466; SA/khelek

kalak

root. glass

A root appearing in etymological notes from 1968 glossed “glass” with Quenya and Telerin derivatives Q./T. calca of the same meaning (VT47/35). It seems to be a late restoration of the much earlier root ᴱ√kail(i)k or ᴱ√tail(i)k that was the basis of “glass” words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s; in this early period the Qenya derivatives began with t- and the Gnomish derivatives with c- [k-] (GL/25). It may also have replaced Q. cilin (< ✱√KILIN?) from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/37). Given its Quenya/Telerin derivatives, √KALAK was probably coined in Aman as was also the case with earlier Q. cilin, since the Sindarin word for “glass” is the unrelated word S. heledh borrowed from Khuzdul (PE17/37).

Derivatives

• Q. calca “glass” ✧ VT47/35
• T. calca “glass” ✧ VT47/35

hele

noun. glass

Cognates

• ᴹQ. hyelle “glass” ✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)

Derivations

• On. kheleha “glass” ✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)
  • ᴹ✶khyelesē “glass” ✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)
  • ᴹ√KHYEL(ES) “glass” ✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)

Element in

• N. Helevorn “Black Glass” ✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. kheleha > hele	[xeleha] > [xeleh] > [xele] > [hele]	✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)

cenedril

noun. looking-glass, mirror