ilya adj. and noun "all" (LR:47, 56; SD:310), "all, the whole" (IL); "each, every, all of a particular group of things" (VT39:20); ilyë before a plural noun, "all" being inflected like an adjective (Nam, RGEO:67): ilyë tier "all paths" (Namárië, VT39:20), ilyë mahalmar "all thrones" (CO), ilya raxellor "from all dangers" (VT44:9; we might expect *ilyë raxellor here), ilyárëa (older ilyázëa) "daily, of every day" (evidently ilya "every" + árë, ázë "day" + -a adjectival ending) (VT43:18). Tolkien apparently abandoned ilyárëa in favour of ilaurëa, q.v.
Quenya
ilya
every, each, all (of a particular group of things), every, each, all (of a particular group of things), [ᴹQ.] the whole
ilya
all
ilyë
adjective. all
ono alyë eterúna me illumë ilya raxellor
but deliver us always from all dangers
The third line of Ortírielyanna, Tolkien’s translation of the Sub Tuum Praesidium prayer. The first word is the conjunction ono “but”. The second word alyë is 2nd-person-polite form of the imperative particle á. The third word eterúna is the aorist/infinitive form of the verb eterúna- “to deliver”. The fourth word is the pronoun me “us”.
The fourth word is the adverb illumë “always”, while the fifth word is the adjective ilya “all”. The last word raxellor “from dangers” is the ablative (-llo “from”) plural form of raxë “danger”. The final -r marks it as plural (“dangers”), so it is odd that the preceding adjective is not also plural, but it seems to be the rule that adjectives are not declined into the plural when they modify a noun that is itself in a noun case; see the discussion on Quenya adjectives.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> ono a-lye eterúna me illume ilya raxe-llo-r = “✱but do-thou deliver us always all danger-from-(plural)”
Conceptual Development: The verb was first written eterunna >> eteruńna, which Wynne, Smith and Hostetter concluded was a slip for eterúna, the form of the verb as it appeared in the Átaremma prayer (VT44/9). The pronoun “us” changed from dative men >> uninflected me (VT44/5). Tolkien consider two other forms for “always”: vora >> vore before settling on illumë. The word for “from dangers” was first written raxalellor >> raxellor, apparently changing the underlying noun raxalë >> raxë (VT44/9).
tingilya
twinkling star
tingilya noun "a twinkling star" (TIN), also divided ting-ilya (VT45:15)
a anamelda na ar ilyan
A is dearest of all
a anamelda na ep’ ilya
A is dearest of all
a arimelda na ilyaron
A is dearest of all
illi
pronoun. all
A pronoun for “all” appearing in the phrase A ancalima imb’ illi “A [is] brightest among all” (PE17/91), presumably a plural variant of pronominal ilya “all”. I would use it when the referent is plural, as in Mana neri cennel? Cennen illi teo. “Which men did you see? I saw all of them.” Compare this to á anta ilya nin “give [it] all to me” referring to “all” as a collective, functionally singular.
máca
each, every
máca pron. "each, every" (GL:41); rather ilya in Tolkien's later Quenya
árë
day
árë noun "day" (PM:127) or "sunlight" (SA:arien). Stem ári- _(PE17:126, where the word is further defined as "warmth, especially of the sun, sunlight"). Also name of tengwa #31; cf. also ar # 2. Originally pronounced ázë; when /z/ merged with /r/, the letter became superfluous and was given the new value ss, hence it was re-named essë (Appendix E)_. Also árë nuquerna *"árë reversed", name of tengwa #32, similar to normal árë but turned upside down (Appendix E). See also ilyázëa, ilyárëa under ilya. In the Etymologies, this word has a short initial vowel: arë pl. ari (AR1)
Ae
day
Ae (Quenya?) noun "day" (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK - ae was written over ar [# 2] in the names of the Valinorean week, but ar was not struck out.)
a ancalima imb’ illi
A is brightest of all
ala
day
[ala (7) noun "day", also alan "daytime". The forms allen, alanen listed after these words could be inflected forms of them, genitive "of daytime", constracted (allen = al'nen) and uncontracted. However, Tolkien struck out all of this (VT45:13).]
ar
day
ar (2) noun "day" (PE17:148), apparently short for árë, occurring in the names of the Valinorean week listed below. Tolkien indicated that ar in these names could also be arë when the following element begins in a consonant (VT45:27). Usually the word for "day" in LotR-style Quenya is rather aurë (or ré), q.v.
arcalima ar eleni
A is brightest of all
illi
all
illi noun "all" (as independent noun, apparently treated as a plural form). Imb' illi "among all" (VT47:30)
ré
day
ré noun "day" (of the sun), a full 24-hour cycle (Appendix D) composed of aurë (day, daylight) and lómë "night" (VT49:45). Short -rë in compounds like Ringarë (q.v.). Allative rénna (VT49:45).
tingilindë
twinkling star
tingilindë noun "a twinkling star" (TIN, VT45:15)
The word ilye means “all”, for example in the phrase ar ilyë tier undulávë lumbulë “and all paths are drowned deep in shadow” from the Namárië poem (LotR/377). The word ilye is simply the plural of singular ilya, an adjective and pronoun meaning “each, every, all of a particular group of things” (VT39/20) derived from the root √IL “all”.
In the singular, ilya seems to function as a pronoun meaning “all”, as in A anamelda na ep’ ilya “A is dearest of all” (PE17/57), but see also illi “all”. As an adjective before a singular noun, it likely means “each” or “every” as in ilya tie “each/every path” vs. ilye tier “all paths”, since this was the behavior of earlier adjectives for “all” (see below).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had the plural adjective ᴱQ. ompi “all, every” with singular ompa “each” under the early root ᴱ√OMO “every, all” (QL/70). The singular ompa was also used as a pronoun “all” in the Early Qenya Grammar (EQG) of the 1920s (PE14/54), so the singular/plural/pronoun distribution of early ompa seems almost the same as later ilya. The early language also had ᴱQ. māka “each, every” as a cognate to G. gôr “each, all” and based on ᴱ✶ŋu̯a “together” (GL/41), but there are no signs of this elsewhere.
The Etymologies of the 1930s had ᴹQ. ilya “all, the whole” under the root ᴹ√IL “all” (Ety/IL) and it was also use this way in poems from the 1930s and 40s (LR/72; SD/310). But Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 had ᴹQ. qáqa “every, each” which in its plural form qaqi meant “all (the)”, though more properly qaqi was the plural of pronominal ᴹQ. qaqe “every person/thing” (PE23/105-106). The word qáqa could also be used as a pronoun meaning “all facts”, since in DRC the “neuter” pronouns could only refer to abstract concepts (QL/105).
Neo-Quenya: There are some instance of singular ilya being used with plural nouns, such as ilya raxellor “from all dangers” and ᴹQ. ilya maller “all roads”. I think that when singular ilya is used with a plural noun it has the sense “every” as in every instance of the group. When used with a singular noun I think it instead has the sense “each” as in each instance considered individually. Consider: á mate ilya masta lintave lan nante lauce “eat each loaf quickly while they are warm”, as opposed to á mate ilya mastar nó i naucor tulir “eat every loaf (= every one of the loaves) before the dwarves come”.
This is pretty speculative, however.