Middle Primitive Elvish
khug
root. bark, bay
Changes
KHUGAN→ KHUG ✧ Ety/KHUGANDerivatives
- ᴹ✶khugan “hound” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
- Q. hú “hound (or ?heart)”
- ᴹQ. huan “hound, hound, [ᴱQ.] dog” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
- ᴺQ. húni “bitch, *female dog”
- ᴹQ. huo “dog” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
- N. hû “dog” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
- N. Huan “hound” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
- S. huan “great dog, hound”
- ᴺS. huar “hound, wild dog, wild dog”
- ᴺS. huil “bitch, *female dog”
Element in
Variations
- KHUGAN ✧ Ety/KHUGAN (
KHUGAN)
This root was the basis for several “dog” words, most notably S. (or Q.) Huan “Hound”, a name Tolkien used throughout his life. Its earliest precursor was the root ᴱ√SAẆA from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, which had the derivative ᴱQ. fan (fand-) “dog”. In the somewhat earlier Qenya Phonology, Tolkien had ᴱQ. hwan >> huan >> fan, reflecting conceptual shifts in the phonetic development of initial sẉ- in Qenya (PE12/26 note #149). In the contemporaneous Gnomish lexicon the words G. hû “dog” and G. saur “hound, wild dog” seem to be derived from this same root (GL/49, 67). The Early Noldorin word ᴱN. fan(d) “dog” in word lists of the 1920s is probably of similar origin (PE13/143).
In The Etymologies of the 1930s, Tolkien derived N. Huan and a number of other dog-words, first from an (unglossed) extended root ᴹ√KHUGAN, and then from ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” (Ety/KHUGAN). In their Reader’s Companion to the Lord of the Rings, Wayne Hammond and Christina Scull said:
> The first element of Huorn could be derived from the base KHUG- “bark, bay”, which appears to be supported by unpublished etymological notes by Tolkien (RC/425).
Hammond and Scull did not further describe these notes so we don’t know whether it actually contained √KHUG, but I think it is likely that these “unpublished notes” refer to the etymology of Huorn on PE17/86, which does not contain √KHUG but does have Q. hú “hound” (the word’s gloss is unclear and might be “heart” according to Christopher Gilson).