lingwë

fish

lingwë (stem *lingwi-, given the primitive form ¤liñwi) noun "fish" (LIW)

lingwë

noun. fish

A word for “fish” appearing in its plural form lingwi “fish” in notes on The Lands and Beasts of Númenor from 1965 (NM/336) and appearing as ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” from primitive ᴹ✶liñwi under the root ᴹ√LIW in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LIW).

Conceptual Development: Tolkien had ᴱQ. ingwe “fish” under the early root ᴱ√IWI “fish” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/43), and this word was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/43). The word {engwe >>} ingwe appeared unglossed in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/145). ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” with initial l first emerged in The Etymologies of the 1930s, as noted above.

Derivations

• ᴹ√LIW “*fish”

Element in

• ᴺQ. cullingwë “goldfish”
• ᴺQ. lingwëa “fishlike”
• ᴺQ. lingwileuca “eel”
• ᴺQ. lingwimo “fisherman”
• ᴺQ. lingwiremnë “fishing”
• ᴺQ. mórolingwe “squid, (lit.) ink-fish”
• ᴺQ. telpingwë “silverfish”

ómalingwe

voice-???

ómalingwe ?"voice-???" (Narqelion; in Tolkien's later Quenya, óma means "voice" or "vowel" and lingwë means "fish", but at least the latter gloss can hardly be relevant here)

ango

snake

ango noun "snake"; stem angu- as in angulócë (q.v.); pl. angwi (ANGWA/ANGU)

leuca

snake

leuca (1) noun "snake" (Appendix E)

leuca

noun. snake

The best known Quenya word for “snake”, appearing in Appendix E of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1115). In 1964 notes on Dalath Dirnen (DD), Tolkien said it was derived from the root √LEWEK “worm” (PE17/160).

Cognates

• S. lŷg “snake” ✧ LotR/1115; PE17/121; PE17/160

Derivations

• √LEWEK “worm” ✧ PE17/160

Element in

• ᴺQ. lingwileuca “eel”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√LEWEK > leuka	[leuka]	✧ PE17/160

Variations

• leuka ✧ PE17/160

hlócë

snake, serpent

hlócë ("k")noun "snake, serpent", later lócë ("k")(SA:lok-)

nixi

name. fish

leweg

noun. snake

_ n. _snake.

lim

noun. fish

lýg

noun. snake

_ n. Zoo. _snake. Q. leuka.

lŷg

noun. snake

lŷg

noun. snake

The best known Sindarin word for “snake”, appearing in Appendix E of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1115). In 1964 notes on Dalath Dirnen (DD), Tolkien said it was derived from the root √LEWEK “worm” (PE17/160), likely from ✱leukā where the ancient eu became ȳ as was usual in Sindarin (LotR/1115).

Cognates

• Q. leuca “snake” ✧ LotR/1115; PE17/121; PE17/160

Derivations

• √LEWEK “worm” ✧ PE17/160

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√LEWEK > lýg	[leukā] > [leuka] > [liuka] > [lȳka] > [lȳk] > [lȳg]	✧ PE17/160

Variations

• lýg ✧ PE17/160

lhûg

noun. snake, serpent

lim

noun. fish

Element in

• ᴺS. limmeg “young fish, small fry”

lŷg

snake

1) lŷg (constuct lyg), no distinct pl. form. 2) lhûg (construct lhug, with article ?i thlûg or ?i lûg the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (dragon, serpent), pl. lhuig (?i luig). See SERPENT.

hâl

fish

(noun) hâl (i châl, o châl, construct hal), pl. hail (i chail) (VT45:20); also lim (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. limmath). Note: a homophone means ”clear, sparkling, light”.

hâl

fish

(i châl, o châl, construct hal), pl. hail (i chail) (VT45:20); also lim (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. limmath). Note: a homophone means ”clear, sparkling, light”.

lhim

noun. fish

lhim

noun. fish

A noun appearing as N. lhim “fish” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from primitive ᴹ✶liñwi of the same meaning (Ety/LIW), where the labialized velar ñw (> ñgw) became the labial m (< mb) and the initial l unvoiced to lh.

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien had G. ing “fish” (GL/51), cognate to ᴱQ. ingwe of the same meaning (QL/43). In Gnomish labialized velars only became labials in limited circumstances, so the primitive ng survived.

Neo-Sindarin: Since the unvoicing of initial liquids did not occur in Sindarin, many people adapt this word as ᴺS. lim “fish” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, as suggested in HSD (HSD).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Derivations

• ᴹ✶liñwi “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
  • ᴹ√LIW “*fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Element in

• N. lhimlug “fish-dragon, sea-serpent” ✧ Ety/LOK

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶liñwi > lhimb > lhim	[liŋwi] > [liŋgwi] > [liŋgwe] > [limbe] > [limb] > [l̥imb] > [l̥imb] > [l̥imm] > [l̥im]	✧ Ety/LIW

am-

prefix. snake

A prefix for “snake” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√ANGWA of the same meaning, most notably an element in N. amlug “dragon” (Ety/ANGWA).

Derivations

• ᴹ√ANGWA “snake” ✧ Ety/ANGWA

Element in

• N. amlug “dragon” ✧ Ety/ANGWA

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√ANGWA > am-	[aŋgwa] > [amba] > [amb] > [amm] > [am]	✧ Ety/ANGWA

lhimb

noun. fish

lhûg

noun. snake, serpent

hâl

noun. fish

hâl

noun. fish

A noun for “fish” appearing on the front page of The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶khala (EtyAC/KHAL¹). As such, it was probably based on the root ᴹ√KHAL “(small) fish” (Ety/KHAL¹), but may have transferred to ᴹ√SKAL “small fish” when Tolkien revised that root (Ety/SKAL²).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. hala “(small) fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

Derivations

• ᴹ✶skala “fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
  • ᴹ√SKAL “small fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

Element in

• N. heledir(n) “kingsfisher, (lit.) fish-watcher”
• ᴺS. torchal “shark or other large predatory fish”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶khala > hâl	[kʰala] > [xala] > [xal] > [xāl] > [hāl]	✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹