adj. blue. . This gloss was rejected.
Sindarin
luin
jhJ5 adjective. blue
luin
adjective. blue
luin
adjective. blue
luin
blue
duin
noun. (large) river, (large) river; [N.] water
A Sindarin word for river, more specifically a large one (LotR/1138; PM/54; RC/765; VT48/24), derived from primitive ✶duinē and the root √DUY “flow (strongly), flood, inundate” (RC/766; VT48/23-24).
Conceptual Development: The first precursor to this word seems to be G. duif “stream” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶duiwe and related to G. duil “flight” (GL/31). The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. duin under the root ᴹ√DUI̯, but there it was a loan word from Ilk. duin “water, river”. After Tolkien abandoned Ilkorin, it became a native Sindarin word.
lung
adjective. heavy, heavy; [G.] grave, serious
Sindarin adjective meaning “heavy” attested only in the name Mablung “Heavy Hand” (S/185). Given this name’s Quenya cognate Q. Lungumá (VT47/19), S. lung probably developed from primitive ✱✶lungŭ, where the [[s|[u] was prevented from become [o] by the presence of the nasal [ŋ]]].
The Gnomish glosses for this word from the 1910s included the more metaphorical senses of “grave, serious” (GL/55). It’s possible the Sindarin word could be used in this way as well.
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, the word for “heavy” was also G. lung (GL/55), an element in the name G. Mablung as well (LT2A/Mablung). Its primitive form was not given, but judging by the related word G. luntha- “to balance, weigh”, it might have been ✱ᴱ√LUŊU. The form ᴱN. lung “heavy” reappeared in the Early Noldorin Grammar from the 1920s (PE13/122), but became ᴱN. lhung in the (Early) Noldorin Dictionary (PE13/163), after Tolkien decided that [[en|initial [r-], [l-] were unvoiced]].
In The Etymologies from the 1930s, the Noldorin form of this word was N. lhong derived from primitive ᴹ✶lungā (Ety/LUG¹), where [[n|the [u] became [o] due to a-affection]]. At this point in time, Mablung was Doriathrin/Ilkorin rather than a Noldorin name (Ety/MAP), so there was no conflict.
After Tolkien abandoned the Ilkorin language, Mablung would have become a Sindarin name, and Tolkien needed a new etymology for it. Judging by its later Quenya cognate Lungumá (VT47/19), it seems that Tolkien revised the primitive form of this word from ✶lungā to ✶lungŭ, as described above, possibly a restoration of its etymology from the 1920s. This meant there was no a-affection in the Sindarin development, making S. lung the Sindarin form of the word.
Neo-Sindarin: I personally prefer S. lung for the Sindarin word for “heavy”, but some Neo-Sindarin authors use the reformed word ᴺS. ^long, based on the Noldorin word lhong in The Etymologies, switching to a voiced [l] because the unvoicing of initial [l], [r] does not happen in Sindarin phonology. This is not entirely consistent with my prefered Neo-Quenya word for “heavy”: lunga; I assume there was some divergent evolution in Sindarin and Quenya for this word.
luin
blue
luin (no distinct pl. form, as demonstrated by the name Ered Luin ”Blue Mountains”) (VT48:24)
nelluin
noun. bluebell
elu
adjective. (pale) blue
long
adjective. heavy
lô
blue
adj. blue. . This gloss was rejected.
nimp
adjective. pale
adj. pale, pallid. nimp << nim (PE17:168). >> niphred
bannen
gone
#bannen (pl. bennin). Isolated from govannen ”met”, based on the assumption that this past participle includes a form of the verb #bad- ”go”.
bannen
adjective. gone
bannen
gone
(pl. bennin). Isolated from govannen ”met”, based on the assumption that this past participle includes a form of the verb #bad- ”go”.
caul
heavy burden
(i gaul, o chaul) (affliction), pl. coel (i choel), coll. pl. colath;
dram
heavy stroke
(i dhram) (blow), pl. draim (in draim)
elu
pale blue
(analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?).
gael
pale
(glittering), lenited ’ael; no distinct pl. form.
gwind
pale blue
(lenited ’wind; no distinct pl. form).
ia
ago
ia, io
ia
ago
io
long
heavy
long (pl. lyng);
long
adjective. heavy
long
heavy
(pl. lyng);
maidh
pale
1) maidh (lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (fallow, fawn), 2) nimp (nim-) (white); no distinct pl. form, 3) thind (grey); no distinct pl. form; 4) gael (glittering), lenited ael; no distinct pl. form. 5) *malu (lenited valu; analogical pl. mely; lenited valu) (fallow). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).
maidh
pale
(lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (fallow, fawn)
malu
pale
(lenited valu; analogical pl. mely; lenited valu) (fallow). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).
mith
pale grey
(lenited vith; no distinct pl. form). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone means ”white fog, wet mist”.
nimp
pale
(nim-) (white); no distinct pl. form
or
over
(adjectival prefix) or- (above, high)
or
over
(above, high)
thar
over
(adverbial prefix) thar- (across, athwart, beyond)
thar
over
(across, athwart, beyond)
thind
pale
(grey); no distinct pl. form
Examples: Ered luin, Helluin, Luinil, Mindolluin