caia-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

• √KAY “lie, lie, [ᴹ√] lie down; [ᴱ√] rest, dwell”

amaldume

noun. [unglossed]

maldo

noun. [unglossed]

éma

?. [unglossed]

alama

noun. [unglossed]

kanda

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ✶kandā “bold” ✧ PE19/060; PE19/060
  • ᴹ√KAN “dare” ✧ Ety/KAN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶kándāvā̀ > kandava	[kandāwā] > [kandawā] > [kandawa] > [kandava]	✧ PE19/060
ᴹ✶kandālī́nen > kandalīnen	[kandālīnen] > [kandalīnen]	✧ PE19/060

a

preposition. [unglossed]

Variations

• a ✧ PE21/03

hyelma

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ√KHYEL(ES) “glass” ✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KHYEL(ES) > hyelma	[kʰjelma] > [xjelma] > [j̊elma]	✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)

kaltua

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ✶kaltwa “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/048

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶kalt-wa > kaltua	[kaltwa] > [kaltua]	✧ PE19/048

mahtya

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• maitya ✧ PE19/042 (maitya)
• maštša ✧ PE19/042 (Lin. maštša)

ereáma

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• ĕrĕāma ✧ PE22/018

lau(w)e

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ✶dagwe ✧ PE19/046

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶dagwe > lau(w)e	[dagwe] > [lagwe] > [laɣwe] > [lauwe] > [laue]	✧ PE19/046

mai(y)a

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ✶magyā ✧ PE19/046; PE19/062
  • ᴹ√MAG “use, handle”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶magyā > mai(y)a	[magjā] > [maɣjā] > [maijā] > [maija] > [maia]	✧ PE19/046
ᴹ✶māya > mā̆iya > maia	[māja] > [maija] > [maia]	✧ PE19/062

Variations

• maia ✧ PE19/062
• maiya ✧ PE19/062

timpana

noun. [unglossed]

toróma

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ✶torōmā “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/059; PE19/059

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶torṓmā > toróma	[torōmā] > [torōma]	✧ PE19/059
ᴹ✶torṓmànna > torō̆mánna > torománna	[torōmanna] > [toromanna]	✧ PE19/059

nandakka-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ√(N)DAK “slay” ✧ PE22/112

Elements

Word	Gloss
nak-	“to kill, slay; to hate”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√NDAK- > nandakka-	[ndandakka-] > [nandakka-]	✧ PE22/112

assa

pronoun. [unglossed]

asse

pronoun. [unglossed]

asso

pronoun. [unglossed]

karpalimaite

noun. [unglossed]

Elements

Word	Gloss
karpalimā

Variations

• kà¹rpalimái²te ✧ PE19/058

tyue

noun. [unglossed]

engwa

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ✶eñma ✧ PE19/047

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶eñ-ma > eñwa > eñgwa	[eŋma] > [eŋgwā]	✧ PE19/047

Variations

• eñgwa ✧ PE19/047
• ḗma ✧ PE19/047

niule

?. [unglossed]

olta-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ✶auluta- “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/058

Variations

• olta ✧ PE19/058

rampa

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ√RAP “climb (as a tree by clinging[?])” ✧ PE22/127

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√RAP² > rampa	[rampa]	✧ PE22/127

sahte

noun. [unglossed]

sarya

noun. [unglossed]

séra

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ✶stegrā ✧ PE19/046

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶stegrā > thḗra	[stegrā] > [θegrā] > [θeɣrā] > [θērā] > [θēra] > [sēra]	✧ PE19/046

Variations

• thḗra ✧ PE19/046

sóla

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ✶soglā ✧ PE19/046

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶soglā > sóla	[soglā] > [soɣlā] > [sōlā] > [sōla]	✧ PE19/046

tante

noun. [unglossed]

teuka

?. [unglossed]

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ√STAR “stiff” ✧ PE22/112

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√STAR > thare	[star-] > [θar-]	✧ PE22/112

toina

adjective. [unglossed]

yelme

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ√YEL “friend” ✧ Ety/YEL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√YEL > yelme	[jelme]	✧ Ety/YEL

Variations

• yelme ✧ Ety/YEL (yelme)

laqe[t]-

verb. [unglossed]

Elements

Word	Gloss
lá	“no, not”
qet-	“to say”

Variations

• laqe[t] ✧ EtyAC/LA (laqe[t])

varinye

noun. [unglossed]

tatalta-

verb. [unglossed]

Elements

Word	Gloss
talta-	“to slip (down), fall, slide down, slope”

Variations

• tatalta ✧ PE22/115 (tatalta)

anaristya

noun. [unglossed]

Elements

Word	Gloss
Anar	“Sun”
istya	“knowledge”

ente

pronoun. [unglossed]

ento

pronoun. [unglossed]

es

[unglossed]

nerno

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ√(N)DER “adult male, man; bridegroom”

sisíria-

verb. [unglossed]

Elements

Word	Gloss
sirya-	“to flow [smoothly]”

Variations

• sisíria ✧ PE22/115 (sisíria)

kōmā

noun. [unglossed]

Derivatives

• ᴹQ. kóma “*ball” ✧ PE19/059; PE19/059

Variations

• kṓmā ✧ PE19/059

maiga

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root appearing in the first version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa from the 1930s (TQ1) to illustrate certain patterns of root formation (PE18/66). It may have serving as the basis for ᴹQ. Maia, though this word was given different derivations later.

Variations

• maiga ✧ PE18/066

torōmā

noun. [unglossed]

Derivatives

• ᴹQ. toróma “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/059; PE19/059

Variations

• torṓmā ✧ PE19/059

auluta-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivatives

• ᴹQ. olta- “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/058

Variations

• áuluta- ✧ PE19/058

us

root. [unglossed]

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/US).

bay

root. [unglossed]

Variations

• BAYA ✧ EtyAC/WAY (BAYA)

stā

root. [unglossed]

A deleted root reference in The Etymologies apparently serving as the basis for the verbal action suffix ᴹ✶-stā “-ing” in ᴹ✶khau̯-stā “rest-ing” (Ety/KHAW; EtyAC/KHAW). See the entry on ✶-stā for further discussion.

Derivatives

• ᴹ✶-stā “-ing” ✧ EtyAC/KHAW

phan

root. [unglossed]

A deleted root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/PHAN).

uruk

root. [unglossed]

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/URUK).

kaltwa

?. [unglossed]

Derivatives

• ᴹQ. kaltua “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/048

Variations

• kalt-wa ✧ PE19/048

iw

root. [unglossed], [ᴱ√] *fish

khlip

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in a rejected paragraph from the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s (PE22/112 note #78).

skil

root. [unglossed]

A root mentioned in passing in as a variant of ᴹ√KIL “divide” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, but it had no derivatives and appeared nowhere else (Ety/KIL).

stin

root. [unglossed]

pad

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√PATA “*rap, tap” ✧ GL/63

praust

noun. [unglossed]

rab-

verb. [unglossed]

sind

noun. [unglossed]

trum

?. [unglossed]

umeg

?. [unglossed]

brid-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√VṚTṚ “*change”

Element in

• G. bridol “changing, varying, variable”

dôn

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√ÐANA “day”

gatha

?. [unglossed]

@@@ form does not appear elsewhere and similar forms are not relevant

thail

noun. [unglossed]

Cognates

• Eq. saile “[unglossed]” ✧ GL/72

thrim

?. [unglossed]

tûn

noun. [unglossed]

thû-

verb. [unglossed]

climbol

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√TELE “cover in; close; finish”

Element in

• G. Thlim Climbol ✧ PE13/104

Variations

• Climbol ✧ PE13/104

ulthanc

noun. [unglossed]

clidhron

noun. [unglossed]

Cognates

• Eq. qilde “quiet, rest, hush” ✧ GL/23

Derivations

• ᴱ√QḶÐḶ “*quiet” ✧ GL/23

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√qḷd > clidhron	[kwḷðron] > [kḷðron] > [kliðron]	✧ GL/23

beb

adverb. [unglossed]

Element in

• G. (be)bilfir “conscience” ✧ GL/22

fî

noun. [unglossed]

prog

noun. [unglossed]

rô

noun. [unglossed]

Variations

• rô ✧ GG/14 (rô)

sinthi

pronoun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√SI(N) “this here by me” ✧ GL/68

thel

noun. [unglossed]

thelg

noun. [unglossed]

thil

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√SILI “*gleam”

thion

noun. [unglossed]

’ôs

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√OSO “*enclosure” ✧ QL/041

laus

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ✶lopse “[unglossed]” ✧ PE15/64

caiad

?. [unglossed]

fedhui

adjective. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√FEDE “*law, bond”

Element in

• En. difedhui “?outlaw” ✧ PE13/142
• En. glaithfedhui “[unglossed]”

thrand

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• thrann ✧ PE13/154

glaithfedhui

?. [unglossed]

Elements

Word	Gloss
glaith	“[unglossed]”
fedhui	“[unglossed]”

blaithrod

?. [unglossed]

ai-

prefix. [unglossed]

cai

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• En. caiad “[unglossed]” ✧ PE13/140
• En. ciann “[unglossed]” ✧ PE13/140

farn

?. [unglossed]

gû

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• gú ✧ PE13/145

harn

?. [unglossed]

leus

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ✶lepse “[unglossed]” ✧ PE15/64

pap-

verb. [unglossed]

Cognates

• Eq. qapa- “to chaffer, bargain, swap, barter” ✧ PE13/132

Derivations

• ᴱ√QAPA “chaffer”

Element in

• En. gobab- “to shake” ✧ PE13/132

Variations

• pap ✧ PE13/132

tû

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• tú ✧ PE13/154

ciann

?. [unglossed]

delin

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• En. Delin

flair

?. [unglossed]

geryd

?. [unglossed]

lhû

noun. [unglossed]

Variations

• lhú ✧ PE13/149

raith

noun. [unglossed], [G.] extent, reach; region, sphere, district, scope

scarn

?. [unglossed]

tharn

?. [unglossed]

bhraig

?. [unglossed]

A set of unglossed forms written next to ᴱN. braith (also unglossed) in Early Noldorin word lists of the 1920s (PE13/139), their meaning and etymology are unclear.

Variations

• bhreigros ✧ PE13/139
• bhregint ✧ PE13/139

braith

?. [unglossed]

A verb appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as G. braitha- “wrap, swathe” based on G. brach “a shawl, plaid, wrap” (GL/23). The form ᴱN. braith also appeared in Early Noldorin word lists of the 1920s (PE13/139), but it was unglossed and whether it was related is unclear.

Neo-Sindarin: Since I retain ᴺS. brach “shawl, wrap”, I’d also keep this Gnomish verb as a derivative of the Neo-Root ᴺ√BARAK “wrap”, but updated to ᴺS. braetha- “to wrap, swathe” since ai became ae in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s.

Element in

• En. braithgair “[unglossed]” ✧ PE13/139

flaith

?. [unglossed]

fraith

?. [unglossed]

glaith

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• En. glaithfedhui “[unglossed]” ✧ PE13/144

luaith

?. [unglossed]

thrann

?. [unglossed]

lhuaith

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• luaith ✧ PE15/62

bailchir

noun. [unglossed]

Element in

• En. tha i·’lathros an i bailchir beleg {thain} ✧ PE13/128

bhregint

?. [unglossed]

bhreigros

?. [unglossed]

braithgair

noun. [unglossed]

celin

?. [unglossed]

ei-

prefix. [unglossed]

Variations

• ai- ✧ PE13/161

floth

?. [unglossed]

glewin

?. [unglossed]

glich

?. [unglossed]

hî

adjective. [unglossed]

isteth

?. [unglossed]

nelyn

?. [unglossed]

pethil

noun. [unglossed]

Element in

• En. Taingwethil ✧ PE13/152

Variations

• Pethil ✧ PE13/152

stroth

?. [unglossed]

thesg

?. [unglossed]

saw̯a

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/82), which may have reemerged as √SAWA “disgusting, foul, vile” in notes from the 1950s (PE17/172, 183).

Derivatives

• Eq. sauke “[unglossed]” ✧ QL/082

teled-

noun. [unglossed]

Derivatives

• Eq. Teler “little elf” ✧ PE13/154
• En. Tiledh “Sea-elf” ✧ PE13/154

-yǝ

suffix. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. enye- “to think out, plan, devise” ✧ QL/035
• Eq. enya “device, method, trick; machine, engine” ✧ QL/035
• Eq. inye- “to imitate, make like”

Variations

• Yǝ ✧ QL/035

lepse

?. [unglossed]

Derivatives

• En. leus “[unglossed]” ✧ PE15/64

lopse

?. [unglossed]

Derivatives

• En. laus “[unglossed]” ✧ PE15/64

sivi

root. [unglossed]

Unglossed roots in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants ᴱ√SIVI and ᴱ√SIWI and a single unglossed derivative ᴱQ. sivilda (QL/84). It is difficult to guess what Tolkien intended for these forms to mean, though they conceivably reemerged as the later roots ᴹ√SIW “excite, egg on, urge” (Ety/SIW) or √SIB “rest, quiet” (VT44/35).

Derivatives

• Eq. sivilda “[unglossed]” ✧ QL/084

Variations

• SIWI ✧ QL/084

tołᵂo

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in The Qenya Phonology of the 1910s illustrating a hypothetical series of ancient lateral approximants, with derived roots like ᴱ√TOLO and ᴱ√TOẆO [with ẇ = ɣʷ] (PE12/16). The former appeared in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon as the basis for island words (QL/94), but the latter appeared nowhere else in Early Qenya writings.

Derivatives

• ᴱ√TOLO “*stick up” ✧ PE12/016
  • Eq. tolda “hill (with a flat top), hill top; town on a hill” ✧ QL/094
  • Eq. tóle “centre” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa; QL/094
  • Eq. tol “island, isle” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa; QL/094
  • Eq. tolos “knob, lump” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa; QL/094
  • Eq. tolma “helm”
  • G. tol “isle (with high steep coast)” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa
• ᴱ√TOẆO “[unglossed]” ✧ PE12/016

toẇo

root. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√TOŁᵂO “[unglossed]” ✧ PE12/016

Variations

• toẇo- ✧ PE12/016

tḷkḷ

root. [unglossed]

nauto

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√NAWA “dwarf”

sauke

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√SAW̯A “[unglossed]” ✧ QL/082

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√SAW̯A > sauke	[sawkē] > [sawke] > [saule]	✧ QL/082

ematte

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. v’ematte sinqi Eldamar “*that they call to mind the gems of Elven-home” ✧ VT40/08

aukaine

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• àukáine ✧ PE12/027

ka

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. en ilta n·ner ya me·qetsime ka húyo ne hwa·telpe ie-rautanéma ompa va húyo “thereupon in came the man {from whom we heard >>} by whom we were told his money had all been stolen from him” ✧ PE14/054

yu

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. unlunke naiqe yu vaile·na ar elle ha men ambostuva “*he pulled his sword from the sheath and drove it into the breast” ✧ PE16/146

anaukante

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• anaükante ✧ PE12/027

las

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√LAQA “catch” ✧ QL/051

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√LAQA > las	[lakʷsǝ] > [lakʷs] > [laks] > [las]	✧ QL/051

súlimarya

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. súlimarya sildai, hiswa timpe “*slender columns of pearl, a dim rain” ✧ VT40/08

Variations

• Súlimarya ✧ VT40/08

alle

?. [unglossed]

anwe

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. anwe or aiqale elta súrut lunte aiwendon lossiattea “*went on the heights driven by the wind a ship like a bird with a blossom-white neck” ✧ PE16/147

eant

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• éant ✧ PE12/027

min-

verb. [unglossed]

angwe

?. [unglossed]

intya

?. [unglossed]

nawa-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√NAWA “dwarf”

pundo

noun. [unglossed]

póya

adjective. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√PO “‽” ✧ QL/074

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√PO > pōya	[pōjā] > [pōja]	✧ QL/074

Variations

• pōya ✧ QL/074

ralle

?. [unglossed]

saile

noun. [unglossed]

Cognates

• G. thail “[unglossed]” ✧ GL/72

saqa-

verb. [unglossed]

súme

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. ne·súme lasser pínea “*small leaves were in the wind” ✧ VT40/08

táne

adjective. [unglossed]

Cognates

• En. dain “height, summit; height, loftiness, sublimity” ✧ PE13/161

Derivations

• ᴱ✶dágniya ✧ PE13/161
  • ᴱ√DAHA “*high”

Variations

• tánie ✧ PE13/161

umpai

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• úmpài ✧ PE12/027

usult

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√SULU “*support” ✧ QL/087

valle

?. [unglossed]

hyanta

?. [unglossed]

lungwe

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√LUŊU

nierme

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. nierme mintya náre qanta “*reminds me that it is filled with grief” ✧ VT40/08

Variations

• Nierme ✧ VT40/08

tyanta

?. [unglossed]

tánie

adjective. [unglossed]

nyúken

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. kaivon nyúken i·sapsanta silmerána númetár “*the gleaming-moon goes down like a corpse into the grave” ✧ PE16/077

Variations

• nyuuken ✧ PE16/077

sivilda

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√SIVI “[unglossed]” ✧ QL/084

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√SIVI > sivilda	[siβildā] > [siβilda] > [sivilda]	✧ QL/084

talarin

adjective. [unglossed]

lantanwa

adjective. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ✶lṇ́tànwa ✧ PE12/006
  • ᴱ√LṆTṆ “*fall”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ✶lṇ̹ta̜nwa > lanta̹nwa	[lṇtanwā] > [lṇtanwa] > [lantanwa]	✧ PE12/006

Variations

• lanta̹nwa ✧ PE12/006

sinqita-

verb. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. sinqitalla laiqaninwa “*sparkling green and blue” ✧ VT40/08

ukárele

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ✶ū́kā̀rele ✧ PE12/006
  • ᴱ√KARA “do, make”

Variations

• uká̹rele ✧ PE12/006

upaitya-

verb. [unglossed]

Variations

• upaitya ✧ QL/034

fingwe

?. [unglossed]

hingwe

?. [unglossed]

laisifalle

noun. [unglossed]

lilyen

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. yain tavárin lilyen marden ✧ PE16/080

linqarassea

adjective. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. tauren linqarassean ✧ PE16/080

lossiattea

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. anwe or aiqale elta súrut lunte aiwendon lossiattea “*went on the heights driven by the wind a ship like a bird with a blossom-white neck” ✧ PE16/147

láwakéle

?. [unglossed]

Elements

Word	Gloss
LAWA	“*life (esp. plants)”
KELE	“flow, run; ooze, trickle”

Variations

• lāwakēle ✧ QL/052

ningwe

?. [unglossed]

pingwe

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√PIẆI “*fat”

porokoi

?. [unglossed]

tantilta-

verb. [unglossed]

Elements

Word	Gloss
TṆTṆ	“*bounce”
-lta	“?causative”

Variations

• tantilta ✧ PE14/058

tirípti

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. tirípti lirilla ✧ LT1/047

toron

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√TORO “*bake” ✧ QL/094

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√TORO > toron	[toron]	✧ QL/094

tultárie

adjective. [unglossed]

Elements

Word	Gloss
tulu-	“to bring, carry, fetch; to move (intr.), come; to produce, bear fruit”

vingwe

?. [unglossed]