atan

noun. Man

Element in

• ᴹQ. atani koitar endoresse “men live in Middle-earth” ✧ PE22/125

man

pronoun. what

Element in

• ᴹQ. e man antaváro “what will he give indeed” ✧ LR/063
• ᴹQ. man-ie, atto? “what is it, father?” ✧ LR/059
• ᴹQ. man táre antáva nin Ilúvatar, Ilúvatar? “what will the Father, O Father, give me” ✧ LR/072

Elements

Word	Gloss
ma	“interrogative particle”

Variations

• Man ✧ LR/072

veo

noun. man

Derivations

• ᴹ✶wegō “man; warrior” ✧ Ety/WEG
  • ᴹ√WEG “(manly) vigour” ✧ Ety/ING; Ety/WEG

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶wegō > veo	[wegō] > [weɣō] > [weo] > [veo]	✧ Ety/WEG

mana

pronoun. who

Element in

• ᴹQ. manar i·ennor/lie i me·kenner “who (are or were) the persons/people that we saw?” ✧ PE22/124

manu

noun. departed spirit

Changes

• māno → mānu “departed spirit” ✧ EtyAC/MAN

Cognates

• Ad. manô “spirit”
• N. mân “departed spirit” ✧ Ety/MAN; EtyAC/MAN

Derivations

• ᴹ√MAN “holy spirit” ✧ Ety/MAN
• ᴹ✶manō “departed spirit” ✧ EtyAC/MAN
  • ᴹ√MAN “holy spirit” ✧ EtyAC/MAN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√MAN > manu	[manu]	✧ Ety/MAN
ᴹ✶manō > māno	[manō] > [mano]	✧ EtyAC/MAN

Variations

• mānu ✧ EtyAC/MAN (mānu)
• māno ✧ EtyAC/MAN (māno)
• manna ✧ EtyAC/MAN (manna)

má

noun. hand

Cognates

• On. mō “hand” ✧ Ety/MAƷ

Derivations

• ᴹ✶māʒ “hand” ✧ Ety/MAƷ; PE18/035
  • ᴹ√MAƷ “hand” ✧ Ety/MAƷ
• ᴹ✶magā “hand” ✧ EtyAC/MAƷ
  • ᴹ√MAG “use, handle” ✧ EtyAC/MAƷ

Element in

• ᴹQ. númessier “and he gave it into the hands of the Lords: they are in the West” ✧ LR/072
• ᴹQ. Lunguma “Heavy Hand”
• ᴹQ. maite “handy, skilled”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶māʒ > mā	[māɣ] > [mā]	✧ Ety/MAƷ
ᴹ✶magā > mā	[magā] > [maɣā] > [mā]	✧ EtyAC/MAƷ
ᴹ✶mā > mā	[mā]	✧ PE18/035

Variations

• mā ✧ Ety/MAƷ; EtyAC/MAƷ (mā); PE18/035; PE21/40; PE22/021

má

noun. land, region

Changes

• má → má “hand” ✧ PE21/41

Derivations

• ᴹ✶mā “land” ✧ PE21/38

Element in

• ᴹQ. ilduma “heaven” ✧ PE21/08; PE21/38

Variations

• mā ✧ PE21/08 (mā)
• mā- ✧ PE21/38 (mā-)
• má ✧ PE21/41; PE21/41 (má)

fire

noun. mortal man

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “mortal man” derived from the root ᴹ√PHIR (Ety/PHIR).

Cognates

• N. feir “mortal man, mortal” ✧ Ety/PHIR

Derivations

• ᴹ√PHIR “die of natural causes” ✧ Ety/PHIR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√PHIR > fire	[pʰire] > [ɸire] > [fire]	✧ Ety/PHIR

mahtar

noun. warrior, warrior, [ᴱQ.] soldier

Changes

• mahtar → mahtar “swordsman” ✧ EtyAC/MAK

Cognates

• N. maethor “warrior” ✧ Ety/MAK

Derivations

• ᴹ√MAK “sword; fight (with a sword), cleave” ✧ Ety/MAK; EtyAC/MAK

Element in

• ᴹQ. Telumehtar “Warrior of the Sky”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√MAK > mahtar	[maktar] > [maxtar]	✧ Ety/MAK

wé

noun. man, warrior

Derivations

• ᴹ✶wegō “man; warrior” ✧ PE21/01; PE21/41
  • ᴹ√WEG “(manly) vigour” ✧ Ety/ING; Ety/WEG

Element in

• ᴹQ. -we “masculine suffix” ✧ PE21/01

Variations

• wē ✧ PE21/01; PE21/41

nér

noun. man, adult male

Cognates

• On. dîr “adult male, man (elf/mortal/other speaking race)” ✧ Ety/DER
• N. dîr “man, adult male; agental suffix” ✧ Ety/DER
• On. ndair “bridegroom” ✧ Ety/NDER
• N. doer “bridegroom” ✧ Ety/NDER

Derivations

• ᴹ√(N)DER “adult male, man; bridegroom” ✧ Ety/DER; Ety/NĒR
• ᴹ✶ndǣr “bridegroom” ✧ Ety/NDER
  • ᴹ✶ndḗro “bridegroom” ✧ Ety/NDER
  • ᴹ√(N)DER “adult male, man; bridegroom” ✧ Ety/NDER
  • ᴹ√(N)DER “adult male, man; bridegroom” ✧ Ety/NĪ¹
• ᴹ✶dēr “man” ✧ Ety/NĪ¹; PE21/69
  • ᴹ√(N)DER “adult male, man; bridegroom” ✧ Ety/NDER; Ety/NĪ¹; PE18/035

Element in

• ᴹQ. i nero karie kirya “the man’s making of a ship” ✧ PE22/120
• ᴹQ. i·nér né raiqa ar sí aphasta “the man was angry but now is in good humor (lit. it pleases him)” ✧ PE22/124
• ᴹQ. nakuvan tye uvana néra “I will slay thee, wicked man” ✧ PE21/65
• ᴹQ. veaner “(adult) man” ✧ Ety/WEG
• ᴹQ. veaner “sailor” ✧ PE21/17

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√DER > nér	[ndēr] > [nēr]	✧ Ety/DER
ᴹ✶ndǣr > nér	[ndǣr] > [ndēr] > [nēr]	✧ Ety/NDER
ᴹ√der > NĒ̆R	[ndēr] > [nēr]	✧ Ety/NĒR
ᴹ✶dēr > nér	[ndēr] > [nēr]	✧ Ety/NĪ¹
ᴹ✶nĕrĕ > nēr	[nēr]	✧ PE21/69

Variations

• NĒ̆R ✧ Ety/NĒR
• NĒR ✧ Ety/WEG; EtyAC/NĒR
• nēr ✧ PE21/16; PE21/17; PE21/69

etta

pronoun. his

Element in

• ᴹQ. etta matie masta “his eating bread” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. etta matie the ye úmahta “his eating it is a nuisance” ✧ PE22/119

ohtakáro

noun. warrior

Changes

• ohtakáro → ohtatyaro “warrior” ✧ Ety/KAR

Elements

Word	Gloss
ohta	“war”
káro	“doer, actor, agent”

Variations

• ohtakaro ✧ EtyAC/KAR (ohtakaro)

ohtatyaro

noun. warrior

Elements

Word	Gloss
ohta	“war”
tyaro	“doer, actor, agent”