hurt, injure, wound
Quenya
nahta-
slay
nahta-
verb. slay
nahta-
verb. hurt
nahta-
verb. to slay; to hurt, injure, wound, to slay, [ᴱQ.] slay cruelly; [Q.] to hurt, injure, wound
A verb for “slay” based on the root √NDAK (PE22/156). Conjugations from 1964 (PE17/77) and 1969 (PE22/156-157, 159, 164) indicate it was a half-strong verb with past tense nacante, though it also had an (archaic) strong past nance.
Conceptual Development: This verb dates back to the Early Qenya Phonology of the 1920s where Tolkien had ᴱQ. nahta- “slay cruelly” based on primitive ᴱ✶ndagta- from the early root ᴱ√DAGA (PE14/66). In The Etymologies of the 1930s this root became ᴹ√NDAK “slay”, but this verb was not mentioned (Ety/NDAK). The verb ᴹQ. nahta- “slay” was mentioned again in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948, but there its root shifted back to √NDAG “slay” (PE22/102, 114-115).
In 1959 revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2), the root again became √NDAK “hew, slay”, but Q. nahta- was derived from an unrelated root √SNAG “wound” and was itself glossed “hurt, injure, wound” (PE19/91). A conjugation for nahta- appeared in notes from 1964, but without glosses (PE17/77). The verb nahta- appeared in quite a few examples in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969, and in those notes the gloss was again “slay” and its root was again √NDAK “hew” (PE22/156).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick to the meaning “to slay” for nahta-, and for “wound” I’d use [ᴹQ.] harna-.
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √SNAG > nahta- [snagta-] > [snakta-] > [n̥akta-] > [n̥axta-] > [naxta-] ✧ PE19/091 ✶ndakta > nahtan [ndakta-] > [nakta-] > [naxta-] ✧ PE22/156 √ndak- > nahtan [ndakta-] > [nakta-] > [naxta-] ✧ VT49/24 Variations
- nahta- ✧ PE19/091
- nahta ✧ PE22/164
nahta-
verb. to confine, oppress
Derivations
- √NAKH “narrow, thin” ✧ PE17/166
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √NAKH > nahta [nakʰta-] > [naktʰa-] > [nakta-] > [naxta-] ✧ PE17/166 Variations
- nahta ✧ PE17/166
nehta-
to slay
#nehta- (2) vb. "to slay" if such a stem can be isolated from #nehtar (see below). The (variant?) form nahta- is given in VT49:24.
nehtar
slayer
#nehtar noun "slayer", isolated from Morinehtar "Darkness-slayer" (PM:384, 385). It may be that a verbal stem #nehta- "to slay, kill" can also be isolated from this noun, though the attested form is actually nahta- (a possible example of A/E variation).
nehtar
noun. slayer
An element in Morinehtar “Darkness-slayer”, a name of one of the Blue Wizards (PM/384). It seems to be an agental form of nahta- “to slay”, but the reason why the vowel is e is unclear.
Cognates
- S. dagnir “slayer, bane”
Element in
- Q. Morinehtar “Darkness-slayer” ✧ PM/384
Elements
Word Gloss nahta- “to slay; to hurt, injure, wound, to slay, [ᴱQ.] slay cruelly; [Q.] to hurt, injure, wound”
mala-
hurt, pain
mala- vb. "hurt, pain" (QL:63)
nahta- (1) verb "slay" (nahtan "I slay"). Possible variant #nehta- see #nehtar. Passive participle nahtana in the phrase nahtana ló Túrin *"slain by Turin". (VT49:24)